Application of NCRP 156 Wound Model and ICRP 67 Systemic Plutonium Model for Analysis of Urine Data from Simulated Wounds in Nonhuman Primates

The aim of this study is to present several approaches that have been used to model the behavior of radioactive materials (specifically Pu) in contaminated wounds. We also review some attempts by the health physics community to validate and revise the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) 156 biokinetic model for wounds, and present some general recommendations based on the review. Modeling of intake via the wound pathway is complicated because of a large array of wound characteristics (e.g. solubility and chemistry of the material, type and depth of the tissue injury, anatomical location of injury). Moreover, because a majority of the documented wound cases in humans are medically treated (excised or treated with chelation), the data to develop biokinetic models for unperturbed wound exposures are limited. Since the NCRP wound model was largely developed from animal data, it is important to continue to validate and improve the model using human data whenever plausible.

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A Brief Overview of Compartmental Modeling for Intake of Plutonium via Wounds

Poudel

Klumpp

Waters

et al. 2017

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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Biokinetics of Plutonium in Nonhuman Primates

et al. 2016

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A major source of data on metabolism, excretion and retention of plutonium comes from experimental animal studies. Although old world monkeys are one of the closest living relatives to humans, certain physiological differences do exist between these nonhuman primates and humans. The objective of this paper was to describe the metabolism of plutonium in nonhuman primates using the bioassay and retention data obtained from macaque monkeys injected with plutonium citrate. A biokinetic model for nonhuman primates was developed by adapting the basic model structure and adapting the transfer rates described for metabolism of plutonium in adult humans. Significant changes to the parameters were necessary to explain the shorter retention of plutonium in liver and skeleton of the nonhuman primates, differences in liver to bone partitioning ratio, and significantly higher excretion of plutonium in feces compared to that in humans.

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Behavior of Americium in Simulated Wounds in Nonhuman Primates

et al. 2017

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An americium solution injected intramuscularly into several nonhuman primates (NHPs) was found to behave differently than predicted by the wound models described in the NCRP Report 156. This was because the injection was made along with a citrate solution, which is known to be more soluble than chlorides, oxides, or nitrates on which the NCRP Report was based. A multi-exponential wound model specific to the injected americium solution was developed based on the retention in the intramuscular sites. The model was coupled with the americium systemic model to interpret the urinary excretion data and assess the intake, and it was determined that the models were adequate to predict early urinary excretion in most cases but unable to predict late urinary excretion. This was attributed to the differences in the systemic handling of americium between humans and nonhuman primates. Information on the type of wounds, solubility, particle size, mass, chemical form, etc., should always be considered when performing wound dosimetry.

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Application of NCRP 156 Wound Model and ICRP 67 Systemic Plutonium Model for Analysis of Urine Data from Simulated Wounds in Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

A Brief Overview of Compartmental Modeling for Intake of Plutonium via Wounds

A Brief Overview of Compartmental Modeling for Intake of Plutonium via Wounds

Biokinetics of Plutonium in Nonhuman Primates

Behavior of Americium in Simulated Wounds in Nonhuman Primates

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