A Brief Overview of Compartmental Modeling for Intake of Plutonium via Wounds

Poudel, Deepesh; Klumpp, John; Waters, Tom L.; Bertelli, Luiz; Guilmette, Raymond A.

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncx071

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the activity retained in the wound could not be explained without assuming the presence of a small fraction of insoluble plutonium in the intake material. This is consistent with the conclusion derived by Poudel et al (2017Poudel et al ( , 2018 based on a review of published wound cases that bioassay data from workers with plutonium contaminated wounds were not likely to be described by a single material category assigned in the NCRP wound model. Insoluble material as plutonium fragment was deemed more likely since assumptions of particles and colloids were not able to adequately describe the urine data from Case 0303.…”

Section: Effective Intakesupporting

confidence: 90%

Four-decade follow-up of a plutonium-contaminated puncture wound treated with Ca-DTPA

Avtandilashvili

Tolmachev

2021

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Contaminated wounds are a common route of internal deposition of radionuclides for nuclear and radiation workers. They may result in significant doses to radiosensitive organs and tissues in an exposed individual’s body. The United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries’ whole-body donor (Case 0303) accidentally punctured his finger on equipment contaminated with plutonium nitrate. The wound was surgically excised and medically treated with intravenous injections of Ca-DTPA. A total of 16 g Ca-DTPA was administered in 18 treatments during the 2 months following the accident. Ninety-three urine samples were collected and analysed over 14 years following the accident. An estimated 239Pu activity of 73.7 Bq was excreted during Ca-DTPA treatment. Post-mortem radiochemical analysis of autopsy tissues indicated that 40 years post-accident 21.6 ± 0.2 Bq of 239Pu was retained in the skeleton, 12.2 ± 0.3 Bq in the liver, and 3.7 ± 0.1 Bq in other soft tissues; 1.35 ± 0.02 Bq of 239Pu was measured in tissue samples from the wound site. To estimate the plutonium intake, late urine measurements, which were unaffected by chelation, and post-mortem radiochemical analysis results were evaluated using the IMBA Professional Plus software. The application of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements wound model with an assumption of intake material as a predominantly strongly retained soluble plutonium compound with a small insoluble fraction adequately described the data (p = 0.46). The effective intake was estimated to be 50.2 Bq of plutonium nitrate and 1.5 Bq of the fragment. The prompt medical intervention with contaminated tissue excision and subsequent Ca-DTPA decorporation therapy reduced 239Pu activity available for uptake and long-term retention in this individual’s systemic organs by a factor of 38.

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Section: Effective Intakesupporting

confidence: 90%

Four-decade follow-up of a plutonium-contaminated puncture wound treated with Ca-DTPA

Avtandilashvili

Tolmachev

2021

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Development of a New Chelation Model: Bioassay Data Interpretation and Dose Assessment after Plutonium Intake via Wound and Treatment with DTPA

et al. 2020

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The administration of chelation therapy to treat significant intakes of actinides, such as plutonium, affects the actinide’s normal biokinetics. In particular, it enhances the actinide’s rate of excretion, such that the standard biokinetic models cannot be applied directly to the chelation-affected bioassay data in order to estimate the intake and assess the radiation dose. The present study proposes a new chelation model that can be applied to the chelation-affected bioassay data after plutonium intake via wound and treatment with DTPA. In the proposed model, chelation is assumed to occur in the blood, liver, and parts of the skeleton. Ten datasets, consisting of measurements of 14C-DTPA, 238Pu, and 239Pu involving humans given radiolabeled DTPA and humans occupationally exposed to plutonium via wound and treated with chelation therapy, were used for model development. The combined dataset consisted of daily and cumulative excretion (urine and feces), wound counts, measurements of excised tissue, blood, and post-mortem tissue analyses of liver and skeleton. The combined data were simultaneously fit using the chelation model linked with a plutonium systemic model, which was linked to an ad hoc wound model. The proposed chelation model was used for dose assessment of the wound cases used in this study.

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Effective Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Uranium Via Contaminated Wounds for Reference Adults

Zhang

Sheng²,

Tan³

et al. 2021

Health Physics

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Effective dose coefficients for intakes of uranium radionuclides via contaminated wounds have been calculated for reference adults following the procedures in the ICRP 103 series. The number of transformations in each source region for all members of the radioactive series from time of intake to 50 y post intake are calculated by coupling the NCRP 156 wound model to the ICRP 137 systemic models and ICRP 100 human alimentary tract model. Together with the ICRP 107 nuclear decay data for dosimetric calculations, the ICRP 133 specific absorbed fractions are implemented to calculate the radiation-weighted S coefficient deposited in each target organ or tissue from each transformation in each source region. Effective dose coefficients for different categories of intake materials via contaminated wounds are calculated for the three major uranium isotopes–238U, 235U, and 234U. Originating from the combined effects of the new absorbed fractions, biokinetic and dosimetric models, the new coefficients are generally reduced by a percentage of 23–28% as compared to the old ones. The new dose coefficients benefit the assessment of internal exposures for intakes of uranium via contaminated wounds in actual applications.

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A Brief Overview of Compartmental Modeling for Intake of Plutonium via Wounds

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Four-decade follow-up of a plutonium-contaminated puncture wound treated with Ca-DTPA

Four-decade follow-up of a plutonium-contaminated puncture wound treated with Ca-DTPA

Development of a New Chelation Model: Bioassay Data Interpretation and Dose Assessment after Plutonium Intake via Wound and Treatment with DTPA

Effective Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Uranium Via Contaminated Wounds for Reference Adults

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