Application of multivariate statistics in the analysis of groundwater geochemistry in and around the open cast coal mines of Barjora block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India

Adhikari, Kalyan; Mal, Ujjal

doi:10.1007/s12665-019-8071-0

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…techniques have been applied in several studies for the assessment of groundwater quality, for the analysis of groundwater geochemistry and identification of sources (Reimann and Filzmoser, 2000;Yu et al, 2014;Acikel and Ekmekci, 2018;Adhikari and Mal, 2019;Stefania et al, 2019); numerical transport models have been applied for trace main plumes for management of groundwater, remediation, and mitigation strategies (El Bouqdaoui and Aachib, 2018;Colombo et al, 2019;Guo et al, 2019;Sathe and Mahanta, 2019;Janža et al, 2020); geostatistical analysis has been applied to map some environmental variables and contamination zoning (Guadagnini et al, 2020;Hossain and Patra, 2020). Moreover, previous works mainly focused on NBLs (Matschullat et al, 2000;Molinari et al, 2012;Ducci et al, 2016;Sellerino et al, 2019) of groundwater contaminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Methodological Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Diffuse Pollution Background Levels (DPBLs) in Functional Urban Areas: The PCE Case in Milano NW Sector

Colombo

Alberti

Azzellino

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The Milano Metropolitan Area [named FUA (functional urban area)] has a history of heavy industrialization causing a large portion of area being affected by significant diffuse contaminations of soil and groundwater. Among the various contaminants, chlorinated solvents (e.g., tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene) are the most used in industrial processes and represent the major cause of groundwater pollution within the FUA. The background diffuse contamination generated by these pollutants is so persistent and widely spread that makes it extremely challenging to identify the sources responsible for their release. Such background contamination originates from the overlapping of both known sources (point sources), associated to specific high release of contamination, and unknown small sources (multiple point sources), clustered within a large area, whose release is low but persistent. The aim of this article is to present the methodology, developed within the framework of the AMIIGA Project (Interreg Central Europe Grant N • CE32), which combines multivariate statistical analysis and groundwater numerical modeling in order to separate the point sources contribution from the background diffuse contamination, and supporting public authorities in the management of groundwater remediation. A methodological workflow is proposed guiding local and regional institutions to use the methodology (i.e., exploratory analysis of big dataset, simulation of groundwater flow and transport, multivariate and geostatistical analysis) to assess diffuse pollution background levels in large urbanized areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Methodological Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Diffuse Pollution Background Levels (DPBLs) in Functional Urban Areas: The PCE Case in Milano NW Sector

Colombo

Alberti

Azzellino

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…The MSA is a statistical method that can be employed to identify the main quality indicator(s) affecting the quality of a soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system's soil/water system (Barzegar et al 2019;Singh and Singh 2019;Adhikari and Mal 2019). The factor analysis allows the size of the initial data set to be reduced to a lesser number of factors devoid of sacrificing the original data set's inherent information (Panthi et al 2017;Paul et al 2019;Adhikari and Mal 2019). Because of the normal distribution of raw data and the various units of measurement of analyzed parameters, the original data have to undergo normalization and standardization for proper factor analysis (Barakat et al 2016;Barzegar et al 2019).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heavy metals contamination and associated risks in shallow groundwater sources from three different residential areas within Ibadan metropolis, southwest Nigeria

2021

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This study has been conducted to appraise the concentrations of selected heavy metals and total dissolved solids (TDSs) in the drinking water from shallow wells in parts of Ibadan metropolis, southwest Nigeria. Fifteen (15) water samples were collected from three representative residential locations [traditional core area (TCA), peri-urban area (PUA), and urban area (UA)] for geochemical analysis. Heavy metals and TDS were analyzed with the aid of atomic absorption spectrophotometer and calibrated meter, respectively. The mean concentration (mg/L) of Zn, Pb Mn, Fe, and Cd has been 3.930, 0.658, 0.0304, 1.698, and 0.501, respectively, and as a consequence, the order of abundance of studied metals was Zn > Fe > Pb > Cd > Mn. Concentrations of Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cd were higher than recommended standards in 60%, 86.7%, 100%, and 100% of groundwater samples, respectively. However, at all points tested, the mean concentrations of Mn and TDS in water samples lie within the safe limits set by World Health Organization. The evaluation of geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor suggests that representative water samples were low-to-moderate contamination. The potential ecological risk index advocates low-to-moderate ecological risk in TCA and PUA, while it demonstrated exclusive “moderate” risk in UA. Further, the range of pollution load index (PLI) (0.55–1.32) in both TCA and PUA shows nil-to-moderate pollution status, while PLI values > 1 in UA indicate moderate contaminated state. The degree of contamination in groundwater showed the following trends: UA > TCA > PUA in the study area. Moreover, the results of EF and quantification of contamination of analyzed metals in water samples indicate geogenic and anthropogenic inputs. The contribution of studied metals to the incidence of non-cancer risk via oral intake within the residential sites follows the order: cadmium > lead > zinc > iron > manganese. The hazard index as a result of ingested heavy metals for the three population classes surpasses the acceptable range in the order of infant < child < adult. Cadmium and lead made considerable impact to the estimation of cancer risk in the study area for the three human population categories. Factor analysis extracted only one component that explained 94.64% of the entire variance, while cluster analysis identified three distinct groups based on similar water quality characteristics. Based on the findings of the study, awareness programs toward protecting the shallow groundwater sources should be launched, encouraged, and sustained. Moreover, the study suggests better hygienic practices and pre-treatment of contaminated water before consumption.

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“…Multivariate techniques have been used to find the information from the large data and such techniques applied in exploratory data assessment as approaches to categorize samples and recognize pollution sources [16,17]. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis techniques helps in interpretation of enormous parameters to accomplish a great understanding of the hydrochemical mechanisms engaged [18,19]. To improve organization of water resources on a local level, the objective of this research is to recognize and assess the interfering natural and human factors concerning with groundwater hydrochemistry in an urban area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality evaluation of Shiraz City, Iran using multivariate and geostatistical techniques

Alamdar¹,

Kumar

Moghtaderi³

et al. 2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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Groundwater is vital water resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes in Shiraz City, Iran. Management of groundwater with respect to quality and quantity is decisive subject in order to accomplish the increasing requirements for water. In the present paper, evaluation of groundwater parameters, viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+), major anions (Cl − and HCO 3 −), NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, hardness, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and Na% were done from Shiraz City, Iran. Consequently, 80 groundwater samples were collected from different sites in June 2017. The results of different parameters were compared with the standard guideline prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking and public health purposes. From the results, it was concluded that 62.5% samples exceeded for EC values, 12.5% samples for Na + , 30% samples for Ca 2+ , 97.5% samples for Mg 2+ and TDS, 28.7% samples for Cl − , and 40% samples for SO 4 2− contents as recommended by WHO. The Na% values ranged from 5.25 to 38.59, whereas SAR values varied from 0.21 to 6.64 meq/L. Results of Na% and SAR indicated that groundwater is good for irrigation and domestic purposes. The results of MGI and BEI showed that 83.75% sampling sites showed shallow meteoric percolation type and Na + SO 4 type with less than one value respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis (cluster analysis and principal component analysis) and spatial maps showed that both anthropogenic activities such as cement factory, gas power plant, Rishmark factory and vegetable Oil Company, and natural processes like rock weathering are responsible for the contents of groundwater parameters.

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Application of multivariate statistics in the analysis of groundwater geochemistry in and around the open cast coal mines of Barjora block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Multi-Methodological Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Diffuse Pollution Background Levels (DPBLs) in Functional Urban Areas: The PCE Case in Milano NW Sector

Multi-Methodological Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Diffuse Pollution Background Levels (DPBLs) in Functional Urban Areas: The PCE Case in Milano NW Sector

Assessment of heavy metals contamination and associated risks in shallow groundwater sources from three different residential areas within Ibadan metropolis, southwest Nigeria

Groundwater quality evaluation of Shiraz City, Iran using multivariate and geostatistical techniques

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