Application of Monoclonal Antibodies for Epidemiological Investigations and Oral Vaccination Studies

Schneider, Lothar; Barnard, B.J.H.; Schneider, H; Odegaard, OA; Mueller, Jutta; Selimov, M. A.; Cox, James H.; Wandeler, Alexander I.; Blancou, Jean; Meyer, S De

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_6

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Characterization of arctic rabies virus isolates with monoclonal antibodies indicated the circulation of a specific arctic rabies virus variant (Schneider et al, 1985) with the arctic fox as the main host (Johnston and Fong, 1992). Recent phylogenetic studies have identified similar rabies virus strains in coastal areas of North America, arctic Russia, and Greenland, indicating that rabies viruses in the arctic fox share common characteristics and have a circumpolar distribution (Mansfield et al, 2006;Kuzmin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in the Arctic Fox Population, Svalbard, Norway

Mørk

Bohlin

Fuglei

et al. 2011

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Arctic foxes, 620 that were trapped and 22 found dead on Svalbard, Norway (1996Norway ( -2004, as well as 10 foxes trapped in Nenets, North-West Russia (1999), were tested for rabies virus antigen in brain tissue by standard direct fluorescent antibody test. Rabies antigen was found in two foxes from Svalbard and in three from Russia. Blood samples from 515 of the fox carcasses were screened for rabies antibodies with negative result. Our results, together with a previous screening (1980-1989, n5817) indicate that the prevalence of rabies in Svalbard has remained low or that the virus has not been enzootic in the arctic fox population since the first reported outbreak in 1980. Brain tissues from four arctic foxes (one from Svalbard, three from Russia) in which rabies virus antigen was detected were further analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction direct amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Sequences were compared to corresponding sequences from rabies virus isolates from other arctic regions. The Svalbard isolate and two of the Russian isolates were identical (310 nucleotides), whereas the third Russian isolate differed in six nucleotide positions. However, when translated into amino acid sequences, none of these substitutions produced changes in the amino acid sequence. These findings suggest that the spread of rabies virus to Svalbard was likely due to migration of arctic foxes over sea ice from Russia to Svalbard. Furthermore, when compared to other Arctic rabies virus isolates, a high degree of homology was found, suggesting a high contact rate between arctic fox populations from different arctic regions. The high degree of homology also indicates that other, and more variable, regions of the genome than this part of the nucleoprotein gene should be used to distinguish Arctic rabies virus isolates for epidemiologic purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in the Arctic Fox Population, Svalbard, Norway

Mørk

Bohlin

Fuglei

et al. 2011

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Different panels of MAbs were established, allowing the differentiation of RABV isolates from terrestrial species and bats in the United States and Western Europe and, to a lesser degree, in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Chaves¹,

Achkar²,

Silva³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: In Brazil, various isolates of rabies virus (RABV) show antigenic profiles distinct from those established by the reduced panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) determined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), utilized for the antigenic characterization of RABV in the Americas. The objective of this study was to produce MAbs from RABV isolates from insectivorous bats with an antigenic profile incompatible with the pre-established one. Methodology: An isolate of RABV from the species Eptesicus furinalis that showed an antigenic profile incompatible with the panel utilized was selected. Hybridomas were produced utilizing the popliteal lymph nodes of mice immunized with ribonucleoproteins purified from the isolate. Results: Two MAbs-producing clones were obtained, BR/IP1-3A7 and BR/IP2-4E10. Fifty-seven isolates of RABV from different species of animals and different regions of Brazil were analyzed utilizing the MAbs obtained. In the analysis of 23 RABV isolates from nonhematophagous bats, the MAbs cross-reacted with ten isolates, of which four were of the species Nyctinomops laticaudatus, one of the species Eptesicus furinalis, and five of the genus Artibeus. Of the nine isolates of non-hematophagous isolates that displayed an incompatible profile analyzed, characteristic of insectivorous bats, BR/IP1-3A7 reacted with five (55.55%) and BR/IP2-4E10 with four (44.44%). Conclusions: The MAbs obtained were able to recognize epitopes common between the three genera, Artibeus, Eptesicus, and Nyctinomops, thereby allowing the antigenic characterization of RABV isolates in Brazil.

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“…Even Skinning and other handling of rabid animals has caused human rabies deaths [4][5][6], but this has not been reported from the Arctic. The rabies virus found in arctic populations of foxes differs from other rabies strains [7] although it shares some features with the virus present in southeastern Canada and northeastern US [8]. If the arctic strain has reduced human virulence, it may maintain sufficient antigenicity to elicit an immune response following a minor exposure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Survey of fox trappers in northern Alaska for rabies antibody

1994

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this research was to determine whether trappers in northern Alaska acquired immunity to rabies virus from non-bite exposures while trapping and skinning arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). In coastal Alaska recurring epizootics presumably provide trappers ample opportunity for contact with rabid animals. Serum neutralization analyses of blood samples collected from 26 individuals were conducted. All but three had negative rabies neutralizing antibody levels (< 0·05 I.U./ml). Two of these had previously received rabies vaccine but one individual who had trapped for about 47 years with an estimated harvest of over 3000 foxes and who had never received pre- or post-exposure rabies vaccination had a rabies serum neutralizing antibody concentration of 2·30 I.U./ml. This represents the first report of an unvaccinated person acquiring rabies virus antibody with a titre above the 0·5 I.U./ml level considered acceptable by the World Health Organization.

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Application of Monoclonal Antibodies for Epidemiological Investigations and Oral Vaccination Studies

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Rabies in the Arctic Fox Population, Svalbard, Norway

Rabies in the Arctic Fox Population, Svalbard, Norway

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Survey of fox trappers in northern Alaska for rabies antibody

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