Application of molecular biological techniques to analyze<i>Salmonella</i>seasonal distribution in stream water

Huang, Kuan-Hao; Hsu, Bing-Mu; Chou, Ming-Yuan; Tsai, Hsien-Lung; Kao, Po-Min; Wang, Hung‐Jen; Hsiao, Hsiang-Yu; Su, Ming-Jen; Huang, Yatao

doi:10.1111/1574-6968.12381

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(r=0.46,n=100,P=0.01). A similar correlation (r <0.32) was documented for surface water in central Florida (Huang et al, 2014). Consequently, coliform monitoring may be predictive for the presence of fecal pathogens such as Salmonella in human-impacted waters in Tanzania.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Surface waters in northern Tanzania harbor fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. capable of horizontal gene transfer

lyimo¹,

Buza²,

Woutrina³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some Salmonella spp. are important pathogenic bacteria that can be transmitted to people via food and water and that can cause disease characterized by mild to severe enteric and systemic illness. In developing countries, infections caused by pathogenic antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. are a major health challenge, particularly in children. Through the use of membrane filtration and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1200 methods, the presence of fecal coliforms and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. in surface water sources was investigated, some of which had shared access for animals and people. Out of 100 water samples, 76 were positive for fecal coliforms and 63% of the positive samples contained >100 CFU / 100 ml of water. We observed a significant positive correlation between the number of fecal coliforms and the presence of Salmonella spp. (r=0.46, n=100, P=0.01). Importantly, >26% of the samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and 88% of these samples harbored isolates resistant to ≥1 antibiotic. Moreover, we found that 26% of antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. isolates were able to transfer their resistance traits to a recipient strain of Escherichia coli at the rate of 1-7 x 10 -3 per donor cells. Microbiological contamination of water was clearly evident in open water sources from northern Tanzania, and the presence of Salmonella spp. poses an immediate risk to anyone who consumes these waters if untreated.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Surface waters in northern Tanzania harbor fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. capable of horizontal gene transfer

lyimo¹,

Buza²,

Woutrina³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella in rivers, streams, or ponds exhibit seasonality, which has been documented in multiple studies ( 12 , 61 , 93 ). Thus, running water formed by rainfall may act as an important vehicle for Salmonella transportation.…”

Section: Salmonella Survival and Persistence In Irrigation Wmentioning

confidence: 90%

Presence and Persistence of Salmonella in Water: The Impact on Microbial Quality of Water and Food Safety

Liu

Whitehouse

2018

Front. Public Health

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella ranks high among the pathogens causing foodborne disease outbreaks. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Salmonella contributed to about 53.4% of all foodborne disease outbreaks from 2006 to 2017, and approximately 32.7% of these foodborne Salmonella outbreaks were associated with consumption of produce. Trace-back investigations have suggested that irrigation water may be a source of Salmonella contamination of produce and a vehicle for transmission. Presence and persistence of Salmonella have been reported in surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and ponds, while ground water in general offers better microbial quality for irrigation. To date, culture methods are still the gold standard for detection, isolation and identification of Salmonella in foods and water. In addition to culture, other methods for the detection of Salmonella in water include most probable number, immunoassay, and PCR. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued the Produce Safety Rule (PSR) in January 2013 based on the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), which calls for more efforts toward enhancing and improving approaches for the prevention of foodborne outbreaks. In the PSR, agricultural water is defined as water used for in a way that is intended to, or likely to, contact covered produce, such as spray, wash, or irrigation. In summary, Salmonella is frequently present in surface water, an important source of water for irrigation. An increasing evidence indicates irrigation water as a source (or a vehicle) for transmission of Salmonella. This pathogen can survive in aquatic environments by a number of mechanisms, including entry into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and/or residing within free-living protozoa. As such, assurance of microbial quality of irrigation water is critical to curtail the produce-related foodborne outbreaks and thus enhance the food safety. In this review, we will discuss the presence and persistence of Salmonella in water and the mechanisms Salmonella uses to persist in the aquatic environment, particularly irrigation water, to better understand the impact on the microbial quality of water and food safety due to the presence of Salmonella in the water environment.

show abstract

“…It was found that most people taking water from untreated water source straight to households (chain untrS2HH ) were more vulnerable to infectious disease compared to the other chains because the water they consumed was never treated and thus was safe to human consumption as reported in other studies [34–36]. Sourcing water from untreated sources could potentially put consumers at risk of typhoid fever due to direct access of people and animals to water sources [37, 38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Handling Patterns and Associated Microbial Profiles in relation to Hygiene in Babati Town, Tanzania

Tesha

Machunda

Njau

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. In rapidly urbanizing centres in Tanzania, water supply infrastructure lags behind the speed of urbanization, affecting water availability and accessibility. We believe that inhabitants’ access water using various ways which are characterizable and understanding them could inform about the risks to hygiene-related diseases. This study aimed at characterizing water-handling chains and their microbial profiles in Babati town to inform hygiene education policy and water supply planning. Methodology. A cross-sectional study design employing a proportional sampling for each of the 8 wards was conducted between November 2016 and March 2017. A total of 564 samples of water were collected using the USA EPA procedures from 37 randomly selected households. Water samples were collected from the common sources of water as well as from the downstream points to multiple storage containers. Using EPA membrane filtration techniques, two microorganisms were tested: fecal coliforms and Salmonella typhi. Results. Three water-handling chains/patterns in Babati town were determined, and they were as follows: (i) untreated-source-to-treated-reservoir-to-households (untrS2trR2HH) chain, (ii) untreated-source-to-untreated-reservoir-to-households (untrS2untrR2HH) chain; (iii) untreated-source-straight-to-households (untrS2HH) chain. In terms of the microbial profile, the most contaminated water-handling chain was the untreated-source-straight-to-households (untrS2HH). The number of users in these three chains was not statistically significantly different (p=0.5226), meaning that all people utilized the various chains almost equally, depending on the water situation. Most households (83%) did not treat their drinking water making those using the untreated-source-to-household chain (untrS2HH) most vulnerable to waterborne diseases. Conclusion. Determination of water-handling chains among the household is a novel approach which allows an understanding of the points at which highest fecal loading occurs. This approach therefore may inform the development of policies in the areas of household hygiene education, drinking water treatment, and water supply planning in urbanized towns in Tanzania and other developing countries.

show abstract

Application of molecular biological techniques to analyzeSalmonellaseasonal distribution in stream water

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Surface waters in northern Tanzania harbor fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. capable of horizontal gene transfer

Surface waters in northern Tanzania harbor fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. capable of horizontal gene transfer

Presence and Persistence of Salmonella in Water: The Impact on Microbial Quality of Water and Food Safety

Water-Handling Patterns and Associated Microbial Profiles in relation to Hygiene in Babati Town, Tanzania

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About