Application of miniaturized atomic clocks in kinematic GNSS single point positioning

Krawinkel, Thomas; Schön, Steffen; Bauch, A.

doi:10.1109/eftf.2014.7331436

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In recent years, due to the high data rates required to be transferred in communication networks, the demand for highaccuracy satellite navigation systems and the development of high-resolution radars, oscillators, and accurate frequency clocks with very high precision are required. Stable oscillators, including atomic ones such as rubidium and even cesium are often used in communication and navigation facilities [1,2]. Apart from the above applications, many other electronic systems require frequency generators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Nonstationary Phase Noise Using the Wigner–Ville Distribution

Levy

Pinchas

Pinhasi

2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Oscillators and atomic clocks, as well as lasers and masers, are affected by physical mechanisms causing amplitude fluctuations, phase noise, and frequency instabilities. The physical properties of the elements composing the oscillator as well as external environmental conditions play a role in the coherence of the oscillatory signal produced by the device. Such instabilities demonstrate frequency drifts, modulation, and spectrum broadening and are observed to be nonstationary processes in nature. Most of the tools which are being used to measure and characterize oscillator stability are based on signal processing techniques, assuming time invariance within a temporal window, during which the signal is assumed to be stationary. This letter proposes a new time-frequency approach for the characterization of frequency sources. Our technique is based on the Wigner–Ville time-frequency distribution, which extends the spectral measures to include the temporal nonstationary behavior of the processes affecting the coherence of the oscillator and the accuracy of the clock. We demonstrate the use of the technique in the characterization of nonstationary phase noise in oscillators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Nonstationary Phase Noise Using the Wigner–Ville Distribution

Levy

Pinchas

Pinhasi

2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…In recent years, due to the high data rates required to be transferred in communication networks, the demand for high accuracy satellite navigation systems and the development of high resolution radars and clocks with very high precision are required. Stable oscillators, including atomic ones like rubidium and even cesium atomic, are often used in communication and navigation facilities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In addition to the above applications, many other electronic systems require frequency generators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for the Characterization of Nonstationary Oscillators Using the Wigner-Ville Distribution

Levy

Pinchas

Pinhasi

2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Oscillators and clocks are affected by physical mechanisms causing amplitude fluctuations, phase noise, and frequency instabilities. The physical properties of the elements composing the oscillator as well as external environmental conditions play a role in the characteristics of the oscillatory signal produced by the device. Such instabilities demonstrate frequency drifts and modulation and spectrum broadening and are observed to be nonstationary processes in nature. Most of tools which are being used to measure and characterize oscillator stability are based on signal processing techniques, assuming time invariance during a temporal window, during which the signal is assumed to be stationary. This paper proposes a new time-frequency metric for the characterization of frequency sources. Our technique is based on the Wigner-Ville distribution, which extends the spectral measures to consist of the temporal nonstationary behavior of the processes affecting the accuracy of the clock. We demonstrate the use of the technique in the characterization of phase errors, frequency offsets, and frequency drift of oscillators.

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“…For that reason, and in order to validate manufacturer's data, individual characterizations of our MACs are necessary. The results substantiating this necessity are shown in Krawinkel and Schön (2014a). Individual clock characterizations can even be carried out in a production environment, although this would be restricted to short-term stability.…”

Section: Frequency Stabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…6. Compared to the sequential least-squares approach, the spikes in the up-coordinate and clock residual time series around minute six are not smoothed so strongly (Krawinkel and Schön 2014b).…”

Section: Precision and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The raw data analysis gives insight into the principle offset and drift behavior of the output signals of the device (Krawinkel and Schön 2014a). Subsequently, these time and frequency offsets and drifts are then removed from the raw data so that the (fractional) frequency data are not biased by systematic effects anymore and its stochastic behavior can be explored.…”

Section: Frequency Stabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of receiver clock modeling in code-based GNSS navigation

Krawinkel

Schön

2015

GPS Solut

Self Cite

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Due to the limited frequency stability and poor accuracy of typical quartz oscillators built-in GNSS receivers, an additional receiver clock error has to be estimated in addition to the coordinates. This leads to several drawbacks especially in kinematic applications: At least four satellites in view are needed for navigation, high correlations between the clock estimates and the up-coordinates. This situation can be improved distinctly when connecting atomic clocks to GNSS receivers and modeling their behavior in a physically meaningful way (receiver clock modeling). Recent developments in miniaturizing atomic clocks result in so-called chip-scale atomic clocks and open up the possibility of using stable atomic clocks in GNSS navigation. We present two different methods of receiver clock modeling, namely in an extended Kalman filter and a sequential least-squares adjustment for codebased GNSS navigation using three different miniaturized atomic clocks. Using the data of several kinematic test drives, the benefits of clock modeling for GPS navigation solutions are assessed: decrease in the noise of the upcoordinates by up to 69 % to 20 cm level, decrease in minimal detectable biases by 16 %, and elimination of spikes and subsequently decrease in large position errors (35 %). Hence, a more robust position is obtained. Additionally, artificial partial satellite outages are generated to demonstrate position solutions with only three satellites in view.

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Application of miniaturized atomic clocks in kinematic GNSS single point positioning

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization of Nonstationary Phase Noise Using the Wigner–Ville Distribution

Characterization of Nonstationary Phase Noise Using the Wigner–Ville Distribution

A New Approach for the Characterization of Nonstationary Oscillators Using the Wigner-Ville Distribution

Benefits of receiver clock modeling in code-based GNSS navigation

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