Application of microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalysis in sustainable synthesis design

Abstract

Recent advances in the application of microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalytic synthesis approaches are reviewed with additional inputs on the energy efficiency and scale-up of microwave-assisted synthesis.

Solvent-free esterification of stearic acid and ethylene glycol with heterogeneous catalysis in a stirred batch microwave reactor

“…Heterogeneous catalysis combined with MW irradiation is an interesting area as the MW energy can be absorbed directly by the solid catalyst, if selected appropriately. The catalytic sites can then be activated specifically where the actual reaction takes place, improving the energy utilization [12,13].…”

Creation of DABCO‐Based Amphoteric Ionic Liquid Supported TiO2 Nanoparticles: Execution of Amplified Catalytic Properties on Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles

“…Hence, green synthetic procedure deserves high importance in synthetic organic chemistry. For a better future, synthetic organic chemists should focus on lesser energy consumption and less hazardous condition . Therefore, our focus leaned on establishment of green and sustainable synthetic procedure.…”

Microwave‐Assisted, Solvent‐Free, Three‐Component Domino Protocol: Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted‐2‐Pyridone Derivatives

“…Microwave‐assisted technology has heralded a paradigm shift in chemical transformation as it shows some advantages like cleaner reactions, drastic acceleration of sluggish transformations, enhanced yields and improved selectivity etc. The application of microwave irradiation has also unfolded new avenues in the traditionally challenging areas of the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds while circumventing the bottlenecks such as prolonged reaction time, low yields and formation of side products . To date, although various approaches to the preparation of pyridone derivatives have been developed, environmentally benign and using microwave‐assisted preparation of the pyridones have rarely been reported .…”

“…The application of microwave irradiation has also unfolded new avenues in the traditionally challenging areas of the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds [15] while circumventing the bottlenecks such as prolonged reaction time, [16] low yields [17] and formation of side products. [18] To date, although various approaches to the preparation of pyridone derivatives have been developed, environmentally benign and using microwave-assisted preparation of the pyridones have rarely been reported. [19] In our previous paper, [20] an efficient and green method has been developed for the synthesis of bicyclic pyridines by three-component reactions of heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs), triethoxymethane and dicarbonyl compound in one pot in the absence of catalyst and solvent.…”