Application of liquid scintillators as energy conversion materials in nuclear batteries

Zhang, Zhengrong; Tang, Xiaobin; Liu, Yunpeng; Xu, Zhiheng; Ye, Huangfeng; Tian, Feng; Liu, Kai; Yuan, Zicheng; Chen, Wang

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2019.03.024

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When an electrical circuit is connected between the battery terminals, due to an electrolytic chemical reaction, the positively charged ions start moving towards the cathode from the electrode, through the electrolyte. At the same time, the negatively charged ions move to the cathode, but the electrolyte creates a blockage and sends the current to the external electronic circuit [ 52 , 53 ]. The battery performance can be indicated by the following two indices: power density (maximum output power) and energy density (how much energy a battery stores).…”

Section: Electrical Energy Storage Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies Used in Micro-Energy Harvesting, WSNs, Low-Cost Microelectronic Devices: Challenges and Recommendations

Riaz

Sarker

Saad

et al. 2021

Sensors

128

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This paper reviews energy storage systems, in general, and for specific applications in low-cost micro-energy harvesting (MEH) systems, low-cost microelectronic devices, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the development of electronic gadgets, low-cost microelectronic devices and WSNs, the need for an efficient, light and reliable energy storage device is increased. The current energy storage systems (ESS) have the disadvantages of self-discharging, energy density, life cycles, and cost. The ambient energy resources are the best option as an energy source, but the main challenge in harvesting energy from ambient sources is the instability of the source of energy. Due to the explosion of lithium batteries in many cases, and the pros associated with them, the design of an efficient device, which is more reliable and efficient than conventional batteries, is important. This review paper focused on the issues of the reliability and performance of electrical ESS, and, especially, discussed the technical challenges and suggested solutions for ESS (batteries, supercapacitors, and for a hybrid combination of supercapacitors and batteries) in detail. Nowadays, the main market of batteries is WSNs, but in the last decade, the world’s attention has turned toward supercapacitors as a good alternative of batteries. The main advantages of supercapacitors are their light weight, volume, greater life cycle, turbo charging/discharging, high energy density and power density, low cost, easy maintenance, and no pollution. This study reviews supercapacitors as a better alternative of batteries in low-cost electronic devices, WSNs, and MEH systems.

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Section: Electrical Energy Storage Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies Used in Micro-Energy Harvesting, WSNs, Low-Cost Microelectronic Devices: Challenges and Recommendations

Riaz

Sarker

Saad

et al. 2021

Sensors

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the past decade, investigations on the design of the device structure , [4][5][6] application of various scintillators (organic or inorganic ones), 7 effect and optimization of physical parameters, [8][9][10] and coupling between scintillators and PVDs have been carried out to improve the NB e ciency. 11 Despite the power output and e ciency of NBs have been improved signi cantly, the scintillators employed in these researches were mainly conventional transition or rare earth metal doped phosphors, 7,12,13 which typically possess short emission wavelength or low light yield (LY). For standard PVDs, the conversion e ciency at short wavelength (mainly shorter than 450 nm) region is usually low.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mn2+ Induced Significant Improvement and Robust Stability of Radioluminescence in Cs3Cu2I5 for High Performance Nuclear Battery

Zeng

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Fluorescent type nuclear battery (NB) consisting of scintillator and photovoltaic device (PVD) enables semipermanent power source for both small and large devices working under harsh circumstances without instant energy supply. In spite of the progress of device structure design, the development of scintillators with high light yield (LY) and longer emission wavelength catering to PVDs is far behind. Here, a novel Cs3Cu2I5: Mn scintillator, which exhibits an ultrahigh LY of ~ 67000 ph/MeV at an emission wavelength of 564 nm is presented, and this is the highest value at such a long wavelength based on low cost precursors. Besides, doping and intrinsic features endow Cs3Cu2I5: Mn with robust thermal stability and irradiation hardness that 71% or > 90% of the initial radioluminescence (RL) intensity can be maintained in an ultra-broad temperature range of 77 K-433 K or after a total irradiation dose of 38.7 Gy at 333 K, respectively. These superiorities allow the fabrication of an efficient and stable NB, which showed an output improvement of 337% respect to that without scintillator. Luminescence mechanisms including self-trapped exciton, energy transfer, and impact excitation are proposed for the dramatic RL improvement. It is expected that such a new and robust scintillator will open a window for the fields of NBs and radiography.

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“…[19] Additionally, some new inorganic phosphors and liquid scintillators with high light yield and strong radiation tolerance have been carried out to better match the spectral response of PV converters. [26][27][28] At present, the performance of RPV cells remains far behind the expectations in terms of power density and PCE, [15,29,30] because it is difficult to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the traditional PV converters at low-intensity illumination from the most commonly used phosphors, ranging from 1 lW cm À2 to 1 mW cm À2 . [13,14] Therefore, overcoming the bottleneck of the low photoelectric conversion efficiency of PV converters in dim light is the key to further improving the performance of RPV cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Efficiency Formamidinium‐Cesium Perovskite‐Based Radio‐Photovoltaic Cells

Gao

Chen

Wan

et al. 2022

Energy & Environ Materials

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Radio‐photovoltaic cell is a micro nuclear battery for devices operating in extreme environments, which converts the decay energy of a radioisotope into electric energy by using a phosphor and a photovoltaic converter. Many phosphors with high light yield and good environmental stability have been developed, but the performance of radio‐photovoltaic cells remains far behind expectations in terms of power density and power conversion efficiency, because of the poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of traditional photovoltaic converters under low‐light conditions. This paper reports an radio‐photovoltaic cell based on an intrinsically stable formamidinium‐cesium perovskite photovoltaic converter exhibiting a wide light wavelength response from 300 to 800 nm, high open‐circuit voltage (VOC), and remarkable efficiency at low‐light intensity. When a He ions accelerator is adopted as a mimicked α radioisotope source with an equivalent activity of 0.83 mCi cm−2, the formamidinium‐cesium perovskite radio‐photovoltaic cell achieves a VOC of 0.498 V, a short‐circuit current (JSC) of 423.94 nA cm−2, and a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 0.886%, which is 6.6 times that of the Si reference radio‐photovoltaic cell, as well as the highest among all radio‐photovoltaic cells reported so far. This work provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the performance of radio‐photovoltaic cells.

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Application of liquid scintillators as energy conversion materials in nuclear batteries

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Review on Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies Used in Micro-Energy Harvesting, WSNs, Low-Cost Microelectronic Devices: Challenges and Recommendations

Review on Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies Used in Micro-Energy Harvesting, WSNs, Low-Cost Microelectronic Devices: Challenges and Recommendations

Mn2+ Induced Significant Improvement and Robust Stability of Radioluminescence in Cs3Cu2I5 for High Performance Nuclear Battery

High Efficiency Formamidinium‐Cesium Perovskite‐Based Radio‐Photovoltaic Cells

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