Application of irreversible thermodynamic model to a hollow fiber forward osmosis module in sodium chloride aqueous solution system

Simulation of Thermoresponsive Draw Solute-Driven Forward Osmosis for Enhanced Pure Water Production in Seawater Desalination

“…a i , b i , and c i are defined by the following equations The integral scheme for calculating the FO HF module performance is shown in Figure a. For each segmentation, the combination of a i , b i , and c i , which should satisfy the constraint of eqs –, should be precisely determined based on the Box complex method, as shown in Figure b.…”

“…In our previous studies, , we studied the HF FO process experimentally and developed a new mathematical model based on the friction concentration polarization (FCP) model to explain and theoretically predict the HF module performance under FO operation . In another previous study, the irreversible thermodynamic model was used such that the convective solute flux that the typical solution diffusion model ignores was considered and coupled with the diffusive solute flux . Furthermore, we also applied a similar model developed for pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process to improve the energy production efficiency of the process. , However, all aforementioned approaches could treat single salt as a draw solute explicitly, and Holloway et al and Ibrar et al investigated the use of mixed salts as draw solute in previous studies.…”

Cellulose Triacetate (CTA) Hollow-Fiber (HF) Membranes for Sustainable Seawater Desalination: A Review

“…Cellulose triacetate (CTA)-based hollow fiber (HF) membrane is therefore one of the commercially successful semipermeable membranes that has a long historical development due to its reliable excellent performances especially for drinking water production from seawater. In addition, recently, because of the versatile demands in energy consumption and environmental concerns about brine discharge as mentioned above, CTA-based HFs have caught attention for the usage of different methods, such as forward osmosis (FO) [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) [ 11 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] and brine concentration (BC) [ 34 , 35 ] for the emerging technologies. Because their applications require optimum characteristics individually, different strategies for designing the membrane and module are required in spite of using the same CTA material.…”