Mass transport analysis of a hollow fiber forward osmosis module via two-layer membrane model derived from the irreversible thermodynamics

Advances in forward osmosis (FO) technology for enhanced efficiency and output: A critical review

“…These problems include membrane fouling, concentration polarization, declining output with continuous usage, and difficulties in scaling up (Akhtar et al, 2021). Despite the rapidly growing number of research papers in this field, there is only a limited number of review articles related to the topics of draw solutes (Cai and Hu, 2016), graphene oxide-based membranes (Wu et al, 2020), carbon-based nanomaterials (Yadav et al, 2020), draw solutes regeneration (Luo et al, 2014), fouling mitigation (W. J. and process modeling (Sekino, 2021). Key topics including efficiency, novel membranes (e.g.…”

On the evaluating membrane flux of forward osmosis systems: Data assessment and advanced intelligent modeling

“…Investigating water flux has drawn much attention in the FO research field because water transmission is the most crucial output in FO processes (Sekino, 2022). Several mathematical models (including solution‐diffusion [Ma et al, 2023] and irreversible thermodynamic models [Sekino, 2022]) have been used by researchers in order to predict this and other essential features (Sugawara et al, 2022). Utilizing these models is quite challenging considering the FO process complexity and many information requirements about estimating the transport and thermodynamical properties of the solute, solvent, and membrane in specific conditions (Reddy et al, 2022).…”

“…Investigating water flux has drawn much attention in the FO research field because water transmission is the most crucial output in FO processes (Sekino, 2022). Several mathematical models (including solution‐diffusion [Ma et al, 2023] and irreversible thermodynamic models [Sekino, 2022]) have been used by researchers in order to predict this and other essential features (Sugawara et al, 2022).…”