Application of ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP–MS for diagnosis and therapy of a severe intoxication with hexavalent chromium and inorganic arsenic

The assessment of the usability of selected instrumental techniques for the elemental analysis of biomedical samples

“…The addition of ethanol to urine before measurement reduced non-spectral interferences caused by the presence of carbon. Additionally, this procedure increased the efficiency of nebulization and therefore gave the higher sensitivity of the As determination 8 . The ICP-MS analysis of trace elements in urine was carried out to designate the differences in their concentrations between adults and children 91 .…”

“…PTFE (polytetrofluoroethylene) slurry is used as a chemical modifier for direct serum analysis by ICP-OES with electrothermal vaporization as a method of sample introduction 47 . Triton X-100 is a detergent applied to dissolve proteins and lipids of cell membranes, often used for blood 8,14,88,107 , serum 12,47,79 and plasma 8 preparation. For these types of samples, ammonium compounds are often added as they prevent the coagulation of sample components 8,14,88 .…”

“…Brain 78,94,106 , cerebrum 21 , liver 8,21,78 , kidney 21,28,78 , spleen 21 , colon 36 , heart 78 , lung 21 , muscle 78 , breast 22 , skin 21 , hair 86 , blood 59,63,107 , serum 63,90 , bone-marrow fluid 35 , urine 44,59 , teeth 26 , bone 78,84 Dry sample Brain 27,45,[71][72][73] , liver 98,108 , muscle 108 , breast 55,56,109 , arteries 68 , uteri round ligaments 70 , hair 24,34,44,59 , fingernail 24 , bone 6 Acid digestion Wet sample Stomach 46 , liver 46,…”

“…What is more, the changes in their tissue concentrations may reflect physiological and pathological processes occurring in the body [36][37][38][39] . Besides the analysis of essential elements, their physiological concentration and changes occurring during different pathological states, the investigations are focused on the evaluation of the content of toxic elements in case of poisoning or environmental exposure 7,8,[40][41][42] .…”

Fully-automated magnetic stirring-assisted lab-in-syringe dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of arsenic species in rice samples

“…In general, several element-specic and sensitive instrumental techniques [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] have been successfully utilized for direct analysis of total amount of As at trace levels. To obtain information about the toxicities, biochemical, bioavailability and environmental behavior of arsenite and arsenate species, it is necessary to develop sensitive and selective methodologies for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these individual inorganic arsenic species.…”