Application of High‐Frequency Reflectometry for Measurement of Minute Changes in Electrolytic Conductance

Haapanen, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03489.x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Direct measurement of oxidation-reduction potentials in bacterial cultures (589) and biological solutions (406) was reported. A paper was noted where high frequency reflectometry was used for measurement of small variations in electrolytic conductance and could be applied to dynamic measurements (256).…”

Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical analysis

D'Eustachio¹

1968

Anal. Chem.

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This review will discuss most of the significant developments in biochemical analysis which appeared in the literature during the period from January 1966 through December 1967. Undoubtedly, many worthwhile contributions have been overlooked, but scanning the literature quickly brings one to the conclusion that the field of biochemical analysis is undergoing a "publication explosion." The deluge of pertinent reports encompasses journals in chemistry, biology, physics, electronics, and engineering; thus, the sheer physical volume demands that this review be selective, rather than comprehensive, and precludes incorporation of routine applications or minor modifications of accepted techniques and methods. This approach is in keeping with the philosophy of the previous reviews of the same title, as established by Dr. P. B. Hamilton, and appears to be well suited for the continuity of this series. Accordingly, the emphasis will be on new developments and trends having potential applications. NEW BOOKS AND JOURNALSRecent texts pertaining entirely to the subjects discussed in the following sections will be mentioned as they arise. Of general interest to biochemists will be an "Encyclopedia of Biochemistry" (663), which stresses methodology in relation to the rapid developments in this science, and an annual series "Essays in Biochemistry" (108, 109). The first volume of an "Atlas of Clinical Laboratory Procedures" (405) was published and may well be the primary reference work for clinical biochemists.Specialized fields of biochemical analysis have been treated in the con-100 was described (238). Many nu-

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Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical analysis

D'Eustachio¹

1968

Anal. Chem.

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Recording of the Ionic Efflux during Single Action Potentials in Nitellopsis Obtusa by Means of High‐Frequency Reflectometry

Haapanen

Skoglund

1967

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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The ionic efflux during a single action potential of the alga Nitellopsis obtusa was recorded by measuring the increase in conductivity of the extracellular fluid. The conductivity changes are reflected as variations in absorption of a high‐frequency field applied by a specially designed probe placed in the external medium close to the alga and connected to a high‐frequency reflectometer. The combined characteristics of probe/solution and reflectometer are given. Most experiments were performed on algae in distilled water, comparative experiments with lake water having shown that this arrangement does not introduce any significant changes in the activation processes studied. The possibility of dynamic recording of ionic fluxes is illustrated by oscillograph records showing the temporal relation between the ionic concentration change and the action potential; that the method is suitable for quantitative measurements is demonstrated by inkwriter records showing the stepwise increases in concentration caused by intermittent stimulation during hour‐long experiments. Quantitative data on the increments in ionic concentration associated with a single impulse, and on the total increase resulting from a number of stimuli, are presented and compared with chemical analyses showing the ions involved to be K+ and C1‐‐. Satisfactory correspondence was obtained between the values of the conductivity measurements, tentatively expressed as KC1 concentration, and the chemical analysis. The average values for the K+ efflux were 2 times 103 to 4 times 103 pmole/cm2. impulse; preliminary studies showed the C1– efflux to be of approximately the same order.

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Conductance Recording of Ionic Outflow from Frog Skin Glands during Nerve Stimulation

Lang

Sjöberg

Skoglund

1975

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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A method for continuous recording of the ionic efflux from frog skin glands has been developed which under given experimental conditions provides a convenient index on glandular secretion. A nerve skin preparation from the calf is mounted so that the outside of the skin forms the bottom of a small test compartment with distilled water while the corium side is bathing in Ringer's solution. After determination of the adequate nerve stimulus parameters for discernible gland secretion to occur, the skin nerve was stimulated at 10 Hz during varying periods and chemical control analyses performed of the changes in ionic content of the test compartment solution. The main ionic outflow consisted of Na+ and Cl- in equal amounts, the outflow of other ions during stimulation being negligible. The concomitant conductance changes were measured as variations of absorption in a high-frequency field applied to a conductance probe placed in the test chamber. Determinations of the NaCl outflow based on the conductance changes were in good agreement with the values obtained by chemical analysis. The continuous conductance recordings proved to give approximative information of the quantities and time relations of the glandular secretion, allowing a direct comparison with, e.g., skin potential changes.

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Application of High‐Frequency Reflectometry for Measurement of Minute Changes in Electrolytic Conductance

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Biochemical analysis

Biochemical analysis

Recording of the Ionic Efflux during Single Action Potentials in Nitellopsis Obtusa by Means of High‐Frequency Reflectometry

Conductance Recording of Ionic Outflow from Frog Skin Glands during Nerve Stimulation

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