Application of graphene in analytical sample preparation

Abstract

As a new member of the carbon family, graphene has fascinated the scientific community since its discovery. Recently, graphene also exhibited great potential to be an adsorbent in analytical sample preparation due to its exceptional properties (e.g., large surface area, p-electron-rich structure, and good thermal and chemical stability).In this article, we review the recent applications of graphene and graphene-based materials in solid-phase extraction and solidphase microextraction, and other sample-preparation techniques. We also cover the use of graphene as extractor and matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.Finally, we discuss possible challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly developing field. ª

Sensitive Detection of Aromatic Hydrophobic Compounds in Water and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Human Serum by Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS) with Amine Functionalized Graphene-Coated Cobalt Nanoparticles

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Recently, graphene-nanocomposite magnetic nanoparticles have been developed as an alternative to the application of carbon-based nanomaterials in the environment. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Typically, magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed into a sample solution to adsorb target compounds through the interaction of graphene with analytes.…”

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influence on Chromatographic Separation Using Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions

“…GONP materials have been applied as solid-phase extraction materials [33], progressing from the insoluble graphene solid-phase techniques that were being developed at the time. Due to the presence of oxygen, GONPs have greater solubility in various solvents, allowing an ideal adsorbent material for extraction of small molecules, bulky and aromatic compounds and large biomolecules [34][35][36]. A GONP/silica hybrid stationary phase aminated and functionalised with C18 ligands was one of the first instances in which GO was used in liquid chromatography; here the separations were dominated by π-π interactions.…”

Recent progress in application of carbon nanomaterials in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

“…It uses a probe for the purification, extraction, amplification, desorption, and ionization of the analytes. Carbon nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be an excellent class of sorbent materials for extraction and enrichment of a wide variety of analytes [11][12][13]. Thus, the capabilities of assisting both extraction and LDI processes make carbon nanomaterials particularly suitable as probes for SELDI MS.…”

“…Therefore, it is very necessary to publish a review article to summarize recent progress and guide future studies in this area. Some related reviews have been published on the application of nanomaterials in MS [11,12,[14][15][16][17]. For example, Lei et al [18] presented a broad overview on the application of nanomaterials in MS techniques.…”