“…The processing functions include transforming, analyzing, aggregating, and generalizing. GIS software allows spatial analysis using a variety of methods, the most popular include: overlay analysis, spatial interpolation, spatial data exploration, hot spot analysis, or kernel density estimation; this type of research finds application in a number of areas, e.g., bathymetry [29], spatial planning [30], location selection [31,32], environmental protection and disaster reduction capability [33][34][35][36][37], spatial and distribution patterns [38][39][40][41], demography [42], as well as many others. Using GIS software, the data can be visualized using many cartographic visualization methods, such as: cartogram, cartodiagram, range method, dot map, etc.…”