Application of geochemical and ecotoxicity indices for assessment of heavy metals content in soils / Zastosowanie wskaźników geochemicznych i ekotokysycznych w ocenie zawartości metali ciężkich w glebach

Baran, Agnieszka; Wieczorek, J.

doi:10.1515/aep-2015-0019

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As described previously [17] in southern Poland, where investigations were conducted, soils are generally classified as cambisols, podzols, and luvisols according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group 2015). The measured pH values classified the investigated agricultural soil samples as neutral in the Opolskie (pH H2O range: 6.8-7.2, mean: 7.0) andŚląskie (pH H2O range: 6.8-8.3, mean: 7.0) and slightly acidic in the Małopolskie (pH H2O range: 4.8-7.9, mean: 6.50),Świętokrzyskie (pH H2O range: 5.4-7.2, mean: 6.4), and Podkarpackie (pH Our tests of the pseudototal PHE contents in agricultural soil samples confirmed the results of the research conducted previously in the Regions of SE Poland: inŚląskie [28,[50][51][52][53], of S Poland: in Małopolskie [33,[54][55][56][57][58], and of SE Poland: in Podkarpackie [59] and inŚwiętokrzyskie [60]. Our results were also comparable to those obtained within the frame of the National Environmental…”

Section: Physico-chemical Characteristics Of Soilssupporting

confidence: 80%

Geochemical Fractions of the Agricultural Soils of Southern Poland and the Assessment of the Potentially Harmful Element Mobility

et al. 2019

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Surface samples (0–25 cm each) of agricultural soils were investigated in five Regions (voivodeships) of southern Poland. The mean Potentially Harmful Element (PHE) pseudototal content ranges were as follows (mg/kg): As 5.19–10.9, Cd 0.34–1.56, Co 1.92–6.70, Cr 9.05–25.7, Cu 8.74–69.4, Hg 0.001–0.08, Ni 3.93–19.9, Pb 20.3–183, Sb 0.80–1.42, Tl 0.04–0.17, and Zn 61.3–422. The PHE availability depended on pH, the organic carbon (Corg) content, and the pseudototal PHE content in soils. Exchangeable and acid soluble PHE contents (BCRF1) determined in the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) three-step sequential extraction procedure decreased in this order: Cd > Zn > Co > Ni = Sb > Cu > Tl > As > Cr = Pb. Actually available PHE contents in pore water (0.01 mol/dm3 CaCl2) ranged as follows: Cd 0.81–17%, Cr 0–0.25%, Cu 0.01–2.31%, Ni 0.16–2%, Pb 0.2–0.49%, and Zn 0.25–2.12%. The potential soluble total content of PHEs in pore water (0.05 mol/dm3 Na2EDTA) ranged as follows: Cd 27–91%, Cr 0.7–7.1%, Cu 6.7–98%, Ni 3.6–41%, Pb 15–41%, and Zn 3–34%. The mobility factor (MF) values indicated Cd (31.6%) and Zn (21.0%) as the most mobile elements in soil. Other PHEs followed the order of Co > Ni > Tl > As > Sb > Cu > Cr > Pb, with the MF values <10%. The risk assessment code (RAC) values revealed a very high ecological risk of Cd and Zn in the Podkarpackie Region and a high ecological risk of Cd in the Regions of Opolskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Podkarpackie, and the same of Zn in the Opolskie and Śląskie. The modified risk assessment code (mRAC) index pointed a very high potential of adverse effects in soils in the Podkarpackie and a medium potential in the Opolskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Świętokrzyskie. The potential adverse effect risk, described by the individual contamination factor (ICF) factor, was the following in the Regions, in the decreasing order: Cd > Pb > Sb > Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Tl > As > Cr, and the same as described by the global contamination factor (GCF) values: Opolskie > Podkarpackie > Świętokrzyskie > Śląskie > Małopolskie.

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Section: Physico-chemical Characteristics Of Soilssupporting

confidence: 80%

Geochemical Fractions of the Agricultural Soils of Southern Poland and the Assessment of the Potentially Harmful Element Mobility

et al. 2019

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“…The geo-accumulation index I geo is one of the indicators describing the degree of pollution of, e.g., a soil or sediment (Baran and Wieczorek 2015; Yakun et al 2016; Bhuiyan et al 2010; He et al 2015) and was introduced by Müller (1969). This index was estimated according to formula (2), taking as the geochemical background the average content of the analyzed elements in the Earth’s crust.where: C n , the analyzed element in the tested material; B n , geochemical background of the analyzed element…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the content, occurrence, and leachability of arsenic, lead, and thallium in wastes from coal cleaning processes

Makowska

Strugała

Wierońska

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the content, occurrence, and leachability of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and thallium (Tl) in wastes from coal cleaning processes with respect to the safe management of this waste. The study focused on wastes resulting from the wet gravitation and flotation processes employed for the purposes of coking coal cleaning in four coal mines situated in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). The scope of the study included (i) determination of the content of these elements in the investigated wastes using atomic absorption spectrometry, (ii) evaluation of their mode of occurrence using electron microprobe analysis, and (iii) preliminary assessment of their leachability in deionized water. The content of the analyzed elements in the examined samples of coal waste was twice as high as the average content of these elements in the Earth’s crust. The contents of As and Pb, however, did not exceed their permissible contents in inert waste in accordance with Polish legal regulations based on EU directives. The limit on the content of Tl is not specified by these regulations, but its amount in the examined samples was similar to that occurring in the soils. Moreover, leaching tests have shown that these elements are hardly eluted from the analyzed material. Their content in the water leachates was generally lower than the detection limit of the analytical method, complying with the standards for good and very good water quality. Low leachability of these elements most probably results from their mode of occurrence in the investigated wastes. The chemical analysis using an electron microprobe and the analysis of the correlation between these elements, e.g., total and pyritic sulfur, have shown that Pb, As, and Tl are mainly found in sulfide minerals which are characterized by negligible solubility. In conclusion, the investigated hard coal processing waste does not constitute a threat to the environment and can be commercially used or safely neutralized, e.g., by landfilling.

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“…The results obtained were expressed as a test reaction percentage effect (PE). The study assumed the following: the percentage toxic effect of PE < 20% = no significant negative effect on the organism -the sample is non-toxic; the percentage toxic effect of 20% ≤ PE < 50% -the sample is low toxic; a sample is toxic to an organism if the percentage toxic effect equals 50% ≤ PE < 100%; and soil samples for which the percentage toxic effect is PE = 100% are very toxic (Baran and Wieczorek 2015;Szara et al 2020).…”

Section: Ecotoxicological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum contents of these metals in soils of the northwestern Małopolska region were, for the 0-10-cm level: Zn 586.41 mg; and Pb 271.23 mg; and for the 40-50cm level: Zn 5912 mg; Pb 470.80 mg; and Cd 69.95 mg/kg dm. It is related to the historical and current exploitation and processing of zinc and lead ores (Baran et al 2014;Baran and Wieczorek 2015). The problem of high zinc, cadmium, and lead contents in soils of the Zn-Pb ore mining and smelting regions worldwide is common (Loureiro et al 2005, Lee et al 2020.…”

Section: Content Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution indices and biotests as useful tools for the evaluation of the degree of soil contamination by trace elements

Wieczorek

Baran

2021

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose The aim of the study was the calculation of geochemical, ecological, and ecotoxicological indices for the assessment of risk resulting from the presence of trace metals in soil. Methods Around 320 soil points were determined for the tests by the regular square-grid method with a square side equal to 7.5 km. A total of 11 indices were used, including 6 geochemical indices, 1 index assessing potential ecological risk, and 4 indices assessing soil ecotoxicity. Results Two groups of elements were distinguished. The first one included Ni, Cr, and Cu. The calculated geochemical indices generally indicated their natural content and low degree of soil contamination with them and that the elements’ sources were connected with natural processes. The second group included Cd, Pb, and Zn. These elements occur in high concentrations in the studied area, which is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, contamination with these elements is heterogeneous in the Małopolska and generally observed in its northwestern part. PCA showed that Cd and Pb had the greatest effect on the degree of soil contamination and pose the greatest potential threat to the soil environment. Heterocypris incongruens proved to be a more sensitive indicator of soil ecotoxicity compared to plant tests. The potential ecological risk index and biotests indicated that most of the soil samples had low potential ecological risk and low ecotoxicity. Conclusion The key to the effective assessment of soil contamination with trace elements is the combined use of geochemical, ecological, and ecotoxicological indices, which allows comprehensive monitoring of soil quality.

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Application of geochemical and ecotoxicity indices for assessment of heavy metals content in soils / Zastosowanie wskaźników geochemicznych i ekotokysycznych w ocenie zawartości metali ciężkich w glebach

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Geochemical Fractions of the Agricultural Soils of Southern Poland and the Assessment of the Potentially Harmful Element Mobility

Geochemical Fractions of the Agricultural Soils of Southern Poland and the Assessment of the Potentially Harmful Element Mobility

Assessment of the content, occurrence, and leachability of arsenic, lead, and thallium in wastes from coal cleaning processes

Pollution indices and biotests as useful tools for the evaluation of the degree of soil contamination by trace elements

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