Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry preceded by solvent extraction to determine volatile fatty acids in wastewater of municipal, animal farm and landfill origin

Banel, Anna; Zygmunt, Bogdan

doi:10.2166/wst.2011.204

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) were measured with a modified liquid-liquid extraction ( Banel and Zygmunt, 2011 ). Briefly, the pH of samples and VFA mix standards prepared in seawater were adjusted to <2 using concentrated sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Sulfidogenesis With Simultaneous Perchlorate and Nitrate Treatments

et al. 2018

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Sulfide biogenesis (souring) in oil reservoirs is an extensive and costly problem. Nitrate is currently used as a souring inhibitor but often requires high concentrations and yields inconsistent results. Recently, perchlorate has displayed promise as a more potent inhibitor in lab scale studies. However, combining the two treatments to determine synergy and effectiveness in a dynamic system has never been tested. Nitrate inhibits perchlorate consumption by perchlorate reducing bacteria, suggesting that the combined treatment may allow deeper penetration of the perchlorate into the reservoir matrix. Furthermore, the metabolic intermediates of perchlorate and nitrate reduction (nitrite and chlorite, respectively) are synergistic with the primary electron acceptors for inhibition of sulfate reduction. To assess the possible synergies between nitrate and perchlorate treatments, triplicate glass columns packed with pre-soured marine sediment were flushed with media containing sulfate and an inhibitor treatment [(i) perchlorate; (ii) nitrate; (iii) perchlorate and nitrate; or (iv) none]. Internal geochemistry and microbial community changes were monitored along the length of the columns during six phases of increasing treatment concentrations. In a final phase all treatments were removed. Sulfide production decreased in all treated columns in conjunction with increased inhibitor concentrations relative to the untreated control. Interestingly, the potency of the “mixed” treatment was additive relative to the individual treatments suggesting no interaction. Microbial community analyses indicated community shifts and clustering by treatment. The mixed treatment column community’s trajectory closely resembled that of the community found in the perchlorate only treatment, suggesting that perchlorate was the dominant control on the “mixed” community structure. In contrast, the nitrate and untreated column communities had unique trajectories. This study indicates that concurrent nitrate and perchlorate treatment is not more effective than perchlorate treatment alone but is more effective than nitrate treatment. As such, treatment decisions may be based on economic factors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Sulfidogenesis With Simultaneous Perchlorate and Nitrate Treatments

et al. 2018

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“…The extraction and quantification of six types of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the supernatant of the mixed liquor, i.e., acetate acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, iso-valeric acid and valeric acid in the supernatant of the sludge, were conducted based on the methods provided by Banel and Zygmunt (2011) using methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) for liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatogram mass spectrometry method (GCMS TQ8040, Shimadzu, Japan) for analysis. Biogas produced was collected by a biogas sample bag and its amount was determined by a liquid displacement device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of reactor configurations on the performance of a granular anaerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment

Chen

Guo

Ngo

et al. 2017

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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This study compared overall performance of an external granular anaerobic membrane bioreactor and a submerged granular anaerobic membrane bioreactor (EG-AnMBR and SG-AnMBR, respectively), to determine which type of G-AnMBRs is more preferred for municipal wastewater treatment. Both systems presented similar COD removal efficiencies (over 91%) and methane yield of 160 mL CH 4 (STP) (g COD removed ) -1 although volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation was found in the SG-AnMBR. Membrane direct incorporation into the SG-AnMBR significantly affected the concentration and properties of microbial products (e.g. soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)) in the cake layer, mixed liquor and granular sludge, as well as granular sludge size and settleability. The EG-AnMBR demonstrated less SMP and EPS in the mixed liquor and cake layer, which might reduce the cake layer resistance and lower the fouling rate. Liquid chromatographyorganic carbon detection (LC-OCD) analysis of foulant revealed that biopolymers along with low molecular weight neutrals and acids and building blocks were responsible for higher fouling propensity in the SG-AnMBR. It is evident that compared to the SG-AnMBR, the EG-AnMBR serves as a better G-AnMBR configuration for municipal wastewater treatment due to less fouling propensity and superior granule quality.

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