Application of functionalized ether in lithium ion batteries

Abstract

Ethers can be typically categorized as chain ethers, aromatic ethers and crown ethers. Compounds with ether groups play an important role in chemistry, biology and functional materials. Ether acts as an anesthetic in medicine, and crown ethers are used to construct mechanically interlocked molecules.Lithium ion batteries are becoming more and more important in our modern life as our mobile devices such as smart phones and laptop computers need power supplies. In recent years, the ethers have been explored to improve the electrochemical properties of lithium ion batteries. Depending on the function of the ether groups, they are widely used as electrolytes, additives, binders, separators or anodes. In this paper, we review the progress that has been made in the use of functionalized ethers in lithium ion batteries and the synthesis strategies for them, and present the future research direction of functionalized ethers in lithium ion batteries.

Designed formation of Co3O4@NiCo2O4 sheets-in-cage nanostructure as high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

“…[1][2][3] Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most important energy storage technologies, have received tremendous attention in the past decades. [4][5][6][7][8] Among the various anode materials, Co-based transition metal oxides have been widely investigated owing to their higher theoretical capacity compared with the traditional anode electrode, graphite (372 mA h g À1 ). [9][10][11][12][13] However, such kind of anodes usually suffer from the large volume changes during the longterm charge/discharge process, as well as the low conductivity, which are the main reasons for the fast fading in capacity and poor rate performance.…”

Crown Ether Functionalized Conductive Carbon for High-Voltage Spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4/Graphite Cell

“…Figure shows that, as expected, full-cells are characterized by a slightly lower voltage charge/discharge plateau (at about 5 V) than half-cells (Figure ), due to the higher potential of graphite (Figure S7) compared to the lithium used in a half-cell. In addition to Ni 2+ /Ni 4+ and graphite intercalation redox processes occurring during the first cycle, electrolyte reduction is taking place at the graphite anode together with its oxidation at the cathode surface. , Specifically, the LMN–AB–B 15 C 5 /graphite cell shows a relatively flat discharge plateau compared to the steep plateau of the LMN–AB/graphite cell. The LMN–AB/graphite cell shows initial charge and discharge capacities of 188 and 90 mAh·g –1 , respectively.…”

“…Approaches to suppress manganese dissolution and side reactions on a high-voltage electrode include surface modification by organic , and inorganic coatings, , film forming electrolyte additives, − as well as a carbon coating . Mitigation of manganese dissolution/deposition has been achieved by transition metal chelating agents as electrolyte additives , or as a coating of the inactive or active part of an electrode. − Among them, crown ether has received considerable attention, because it provides effective binding sites for specific cations, including manganese ions. − Although binding of manganese cations by chelating compounds can improve lithium-ion battery performance, unfortunately, diffusion of cation–host complexes in electrolyte can negatively influence Li + -ion transfer. The latter can be inhibited by surface modification of active material, separator, , and binder with manganese chelating compounds …”

Technology for the Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines

“…All of these approaches have shown some degree of success for selective extraction of lithium from simple solutions. Other ethers have also been shown to have selective chemistry with lithium [197,198].…”