Application of expanded graphite-based materials for rechargeable batteries beyond lithium-ions

Abstract

In this review, we evaluate and summarize the application of expanded graphite-based materials in rechargeable batteries, including alkaline ions (such as Na+, K+) storage and multivalent ion (such as Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Al3+) storage batteries.

Revealing the Self-Doping Defects in Carbon Materials for the Compact Capacitive Energy Storage of Zn-Ion Capacitors

“…This reassembly process leads to obviously decreased stacking volume (Figures a,b and S1), gradually decreased specific surface area and pore volume from 264 m 2 g –1 and 0.53 cm 3 g –1 for EG to 26 m 2 g –1 and 0.04 cm 3 g –1 for BG-8 (Figure S2 and Table S2), and greatly improved compaction density from 0.08 to 0.92 g cm –3 . − What is more, high kinetic energy input changes the carbon lattice structure. As observed from the HRTEM images (Figure c,d), EG shows a few-layered stacking structure with large-area sp 2 -conjugated domains. − It converts to a highly disordered structure in BG-8, indicating the introduction of a large number of structural defects.…”

Expanded Graphite-Based Materials for Supercapacitors: A Review

“…Symmetrical supercapacitors usually consist of two electrodes of the similar supercapacitor type, including carbon and pseudocapacitive materials. Most commercial supercapacitors are based on two symmetrical carbon electrodes in an organic electrolyte, and their voltage window can reach 2.7 V [ 5 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Additionally, the working voltage limit of the electrolyte solution is approximately 1.23 V, which is limited by water decomposition [ 5 ].…”

“… A brief diagram of structures of EG ( a ) and preparation of EG ( b ) [ 40 ]. Reprinted with permission from Reference [ 40 ]. Copyright 2021 RSC.…”

Enhanced charge storage capacity and high rate capabilities of Ni2Co-layered double hydroxides/expanded-graphite composites as anodes for Li-ion batteries

“…21 Expanded graphite (EG) is another derivative of graphite with exciting properties, such as non-toxic, low cost, high shock resistance, fewer functional groups, higher mechanical strength, and high conductivity. 25 Although EG has several advantages, its usage in LIBs has not been explored. In this work, we prepared EG by microwave irradiation using a microwave oven in just 30 s. The synthesized Ni 2 Co-LDH/EG composites showed better stability as well as a high specic capacity of 1880 mA h g −1 compared to 1028 mA h g −1 for Ni 2 Co-LDH at 0.05 A g −1 upon using them as an anode for a LIB.…”