Application of EM38 and ERT methods in estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soil

Farzamian, Mohammad; Santos, Fernando A. Monteiro; Khalil, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.11.016

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The electromagnetic profiling (EMP) method measures the apparent electrical conductivity (σ a ) of the soil. The σ a values obtained from the EMP method have been used in different ways to estimate special variability of soil properties [15][16][17][18] as salinity [19][20][21], to characterize soils [13,[22][23], defining profiles with soil physical and chemical properties [24], evaluating soil quality [25], determining hydraulic conductivity [26], calculating soil pH [27], outlining productive zones in agricultural fields [28], and site-specific crop management [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Water Salinity in a Shallow Aquifer and Its Vulnerability to Coastline Erosion

Peinado-Guevara¹,

Delgado‐Rodríguez²,

Herrera-Barrientos³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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In most coastal areas in Mexico, there is an increase in housing development and facilities for tourism, consequently resulting in a negative impact on the environment. Due to this, an awareness of the critical role of groundwater in sustaining coastal populations, economies, and ecosystems is growing. The coastal zone of Sinaloa State is classified as an area with a high presence of saline groundwater in Mexico. The present work was performed in the Las Glorias Beach, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. The results of the analysis of 19 soil and groundwater samples indicate the predominance of sandy soil and a wide range of water salinity, from slightly saline to brine. An electromagnetic profiling (EMP) survey was performed at the study site showing a low apparent electrical conductivity zone parallel to the coastline as indicative of the possible presence of fresh and/or slightly saline water. Apparent electrical conductivity values were compared with electrical conductivity values measured in groundwater samples collected in wells, resulting in a positive linear correlation (R = 0.97). This linear relation is explained by a φ -ξ electromagnetic analytic model when 5.36 ≤ σ a ≤ 85.87 mS/cm. The linear relation was used to recalculate the apparent electrical conductivity values from EMP survey into electrical conductivity values of groundwater and, therefore, TDS values. The TDS map indicates the presence of a barrier of fresh/slightly saline groundwater parallel to the coastline that keeps a fragile balance that prevents the advance of saltwater intrusion from the sea of Cortés and from brine zones located in the northern part of the site. The advance of erosion in Las Glorias Beach exposes

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Water Salinity in a Shallow Aquifer and Its Vulnerability to Coastline Erosion

Peinado-Guevara¹,

Delgado‐Rodríguez²,

Herrera-Barrientos³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…The electromagnetic induction (EMI) is one of the fast methods to measure ECa, which has been applied in different regions. Farzamian et al (2015) combined electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and EM38 to measure moisture content variations and estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity in natural conditions. Sudduth et al (2005) used ECa to reflect soil physical and chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-mapping spatial distribution of soil salinity for Eco-restoring the Yellow River Delta in combination with Electromagnetic Induction

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Ecological Engineering

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a b s t r a c tSoil salinization is one of serious ecological problems around the world, which seriously restricts the stability of ecosystem and the economic development of agriculture. Mapping and monitoring spatial distribution of soil salinity is important for management of ecology and agriculture. This study was carried out to explore the spatial distribution of soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta using the portable device EM38-MK2 with geostatistical analysis. Apparent soil electrical conductivities were measured under four kinds of measurement modes (0.5H, 0.5 V, 1.0H and 1.0 V, respectively). The results revealed that electrical conductivity of 1:5 soil to water extract (ECe) varied from 0.965 to 1.872 dS m −1 for all sampled soil profiles, and the salinity of topsoil was the highest, which indicated that soil soluble salts accumulated to the surface. The salinity in the top layer showed strong spatial variability while salinities of other layers were moderate. Soil salinity displayed a significant zonal distribution, gradually decreasing with the increase of distance to the coastline. The regions with high ECa values were located in the north and the east of the study area, whereas regions with low ECa values were located in the south and the west parts. The correlation coefficient showed that salinities of adjacent two soil layers reached a significant level of 0.01, and gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. The linear interpretation models with ECa as independent variables and ECe as dependent variables for each depth were with R 2 between 0.828 and 0.919. The interpretation models, taking ECa and ECe of 0-15 cm depth as independent variables, and ECe of each layer in 15-100 cm depth as dependent variables, were with higher R 2 between 0.930 and 0.953. The mean error (ME) showed that there was small positive deviation in 40-100 cm whereas a high positive deviation in the topsoil (0-40 cm). The scatter plots also indicated that the models had better accuracy of salinity estimation in the top soil layers (0-80 cm). The results provides solid basis for eco-restoring in the Yellow River delta.

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“…Timelapse ERT survey is a popular tool for unsaturated zone monitoring to determine those hydrologic variables that are time dependent, such as soil water content variations. The dependence of electrical resistivity variations on changes in soil water content through empirical or semiempirical relationships (e.g., Archie, 1942) or established in-situ relationships (e.g., Farzamian et al, 2015) is the key mechanism that permits the use of time-lapse ERT to monitor water movement in time-lapse mode. Several studies have been conducted to monitor salt tracer tests or water infiltration through the unsaturated zone using ground surface ERT (e.g., Barker and Moore, 1998;Park, 1998;Hayley et al, 2009) and crosshole ERT (e.g., Slater et al, 1997;Daily et al, 1992;Binley et al, 2002aBinley et al, , 2002bDeiana et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we established an in-situ approach based on resistivity and volumetric water content variations as proposed by Farzamian et al (2015) to convert resistivity variations to water content distribution images. The method we used in this study is similar to Farzamian et al (2015) work, which used timelapse ERT and multi-height EM38 data collected under natural condition for unsaturated hydraulic parameters characterization. They compared the unsaturated flow simulation predicted from a numerical solution of Richards' equation with equivalent statistics from 2D resistivity images inferred from ERT and multi-height EM38 data to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of unsaturated hydraulic parameters in sandstone using electrical resistivity tomography under a water injection test

Farzamian

Santos

Khalil

2015

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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Application of EM38 and ERT methods in estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soil

Cited by 53 publications

References 39 publications

Determining Water Salinity in a Shallow Aquifer and Its Vulnerability to Coastline Erosion

Determining Water Salinity in a Shallow Aquifer and Its Vulnerability to Coastline Erosion

GIS-mapping spatial distribution of soil salinity for Eco-restoring the Yellow River Delta in combination with Electromagnetic Induction

Estimation of unsaturated hydraulic parameters in sandstone using electrical resistivity tomography under a water injection test

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