Abstract:This mini review describes the results regarding the voltammetric determination of micromolar, submicromolar and nanomolar concentrations of various fluoroquinolones antibacterial agents using both traditional hanging mercury drop electrode, carbon paste electrode, glassy carbon paste electrode and chemically modified electrodes. We concentrate on the interaction of quinolones with DNA in solution and at electrode surface in the context of the general development in the field.
“…The literature survey revealed that there are several analytical methods have been reported for LVF assay include spectroscopy [13][14][15][16][17][18] , LC [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , CE 27 , and electrochemistry [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . Electrochemical methods have been proven to be sensitive and reliable for the assay of various drugs in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations 38 . Ion selective potentiometric sensors have a variety of applications due to its excellent advantages like high sensitivity, high selectivity, and being quick and easy to use 39 .…”
Background: With the goal of "personalizing" the patient's dosage regimen, the concentration of the drug is measured in biological fluids as a part of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). A reproducible and disposable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)based potentiometric sensor was constructed as a TDM analysis platform for levofloxacin (LVF) assay in spiked plasma samples and pharmaceutical formulation. Materials and methods: In order to obtain high selectivity for the drug, a host guest interaction technique was employed, using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker in the presence of the template, LVF. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used for polymer structural characterization. Results: the sensor responded quickly within 3-5 seconds in the pH range (3.0 -6.0). Within the concentration range of (1 × 10 -5 -1 × 10 -2 M), the potential profile showed a linear relationship with limit of detection (LOD) of 7.41 × 10 -6 M. Significantly, the selectivity towards LVF was promoted using the MIP modified sensor. The sensor was successfully employed for LVF assay in spiked plasma samples and pharmaceutical dosage form without any interference from any common additives or excipients. Using analytical eco-scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) techniques, the suggested method's greenness was assessed, and it showed outstanding green analysis. Conclusion: the obtained results showed that the developed MIP-based sensor is selective, simple, easily handled, and rapid for LVF assay in pure form, spiked plasma samples, and tablets with good selectivity, accuracy, and precision.
“…The literature survey revealed that there are several analytical methods have been reported for LVF assay include spectroscopy [13][14][15][16][17][18] , LC [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , CE 27 , and electrochemistry [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . Electrochemical methods have been proven to be sensitive and reliable for the assay of various drugs in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations 38 . Ion selective potentiometric sensors have a variety of applications due to its excellent advantages like high sensitivity, high selectivity, and being quick and easy to use 39 .…”
Background: With the goal of "personalizing" the patient's dosage regimen, the concentration of the drug is measured in biological fluids as a part of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). A reproducible and disposable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)based potentiometric sensor was constructed as a TDM analysis platform for levofloxacin (LVF) assay in spiked plasma samples and pharmaceutical formulation. Materials and methods: In order to obtain high selectivity for the drug, a host guest interaction technique was employed, using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker in the presence of the template, LVF. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used for polymer structural characterization. Results: the sensor responded quickly within 3-5 seconds in the pH range (3.0 -6.0). Within the concentration range of (1 × 10 -5 -1 × 10 -2 M), the potential profile showed a linear relationship with limit of detection (LOD) of 7.41 × 10 -6 M. Significantly, the selectivity towards LVF was promoted using the MIP modified sensor. The sensor was successfully employed for LVF assay in spiked plasma samples and pharmaceutical dosage form without any interference from any common additives or excipients. Using analytical eco-scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) techniques, the suggested method's greenness was assessed, and it showed outstanding green analysis. Conclusion: the obtained results showed that the developed MIP-based sensor is selective, simple, easily handled, and rapid for LVF assay in pure form, spiked plasma samples, and tablets with good selectivity, accuracy, and precision.
For the first time, an electromembrane extraction combined with a HPLC procedure using diode array and fluorescence detection has been developed for the determination of seven widely used fluoroquinolones (FQs): marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gatifloxacin and grepafloxacin. The drugs were extracted from acid aqueous sample solutions (pH 5), through a supported liquid membrane consisting of 1-octanol impregnated in the walls of a S6/2 Accurel® polypropylene hollow fiber, to an acid (pH 2) aqueous acceptor solution inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. The main operational parameters were optimized, and extractions were carried out in 15 min using a potential of 50 V. Enrichment factors of 40-85 have been obtained using only 15 min of extraction time versus 330 min used in a previously proposed hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction procedure. The procedure allows low detection and quantitation limits of 0.005-0.07 and 0.007-0.15 μg L(-1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the FQs analysis in urban wastewaters.
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