Application of Drilling Fluid chemicals in China

Abstract

This paper present the sixteen types of drilling fluid chemicals manufactured in china and describe some important chemicals in detail. The consumption of drilling fluid chemicals is listed on different types for each year. The tendency of consumption of chemicals is analyzed. According to API Classification of drilling fluid and characteristics of Chinese drilling fluid application, drilling fluids are classed in nine types. Explanation and formulations of nine types of drilling fluid are presented in this paper. The recent development of drilling fluids is presented in this paper. The recent development of drilling fluid chemicals and drilling fluid systems is analyzed. The mechanism and formulation of these new drilling fluids are presented. Nowadays, drilling fluid chemicals manufactured in china can satisfy the native market, some of them are exported to abroad market. Introduction The petroleum industry in China has gotten big development. In 1999, the total production of CNPC, SinoPEC and CNOOC in China had been 159,836,000 tons and the total drilling footage had reached 2466,900 meters (see table 1). Therefore the large quantity of drilling fluid chemicals are needed in drilling engineering. The development of drilling fluid chemicals can be classed as two stages. Before 1980s, the drilling fluid chemicals are introduced from foreigner country oil company and some similar chemicals are produced. Some chemicals used in civil engineering, such as CMC, starch, are introduced into drilling fluid. After 1980s, according to requirement of drilling engineering and geological characteristics in china, some new chemicals are developed and manufactured. Tendency of drilling fluid chemicals is that simple natural products are improved into modified products and natural products are replaced by synthetic products gradually. The non-dispersed polymer drilling fluid is main drilling fluid system in China. Classifications of drilling fluid chemicals The sixteen types of drilling fluid chemicals manufactured in china and some important chemicals are discribed as follow in detail. The consumption of drilling fluid chemicals is listed on different types for each year. Clay. In early time, clay used in drilling fluid is natural bentonite. The bentonite is calcium based with low quality, resulting low viscosity and high filtrate. In recent decades, the bentonite is improved into high quality bentonite. Some of them can be used as API bentonite. Other kinds of clay, such as attapulgite, organic clay, are developed out for petroleum industry. Weighting Materials. Main materials for increasing density of drilling fluid are barite, hematite, calcium carbonate. Various salts are solved into drilling or completion fluid for increasing density. Filtrate Reducer. There are more than 50 trade brands of filtrate reducer in China. The consumption annually reaches over 30,000 tons. All these filtrate reducers can be arranged in 6 kinds. Carboxymethyl cellulose. Including CMC-low viscosity, CMC-median viscosity and caustic CMC. Generally the degree of substitution is more than 0.5 and the degree of polymerization is 200?6000. Hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile. Including sodium salt(Na-HPAN), calcium salt (Ca-HPAN) and ammonium salt (NH 4-HPAN). The molecular weight is 20,000?110,000, the degree of polymerization is 235?376 and the degree of hydrolysis is 60%. Polymer with median molecular weight. copolymer (PAC143, PAC142) of acrylamide and acrylate. Multiply- polymer (Sk-I, PAC144, JT888) of acrylamide, acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylsulphonate and quaternary amine.

Cationization and Application of Polysaccharide as High Inhibitive Drilling Fluid Additive

“…Nowdays naturally occurring polymers are prefered over synthetic materials due to their properties of low pollution, low cost, non-toxicity and biodegradability [2][3][4]. A series of plant polysaccharides have been used as drilling fluid additives such as xanthan gum, guar gum, cellulose and starch [5,6].…”