Application of DNA sequences in anti-counterfeiting: Current progress and challenges

Self-assembled supramolecular artificial light-harvesting nanosystems: construction, modulation, and applications

“…Anti-counterfeiting is well-known for modern human society, which avoids financial forgeries and the harm of fake and shoddy products. [113][114][115][116][117] Benefiting from the controllable luminescence, ALHSs can be used as luminescent ink to encrypt information for anti-counterfeiting, namely, information is not observed under natural light but appears under special light, which is superior to the typical fluorescent inks due to the tunable luminescent color and high sensitivity resulting from the trace amount of acceptor. Liu and coworkers have developed an anti-counterfeiting-oriented highly efficient nano-ALHS based on a supramolecular assembly constructed pillar [5]arene (WP5) with pyridinium modified TPE derivative (Py-TPE) (Fig.…”

5G hardware supply chain security through physical measurements

“…Physically unclonable functions or features (PUFs) leverage random manufacturing variations and nonlinearities to derive an immutable device identifier [125][126][127][128][129] and can be used for detecting and avoiding counterfeits. We distinguish PUFs from fingerprints in that PUFs are intentionally added to a circuit to leverage the randomness in a manufacturing process to engineer a random, but repeatable, behavior.…”

“…Generically, PUFs can be used in two different ways. In the first, the PUF is used as a marker that is difficult to replicate (clone), examples of which include Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or a large quantity of nanoparticles scattered on the marked device [127,128]. The general strategy here is like that used for identifiers in the above section.…”

“…At the next link in the supply chain, a similar measurement is performed and compared with the database to confirm the identity of the device. Different methods have differing advantages and disadvantages, some of which are reviewed in [127].…”

Photo-functionalized metal–organic frameworks for anti-counterfeiting applications

“…Information security has become a major global challenge not only in economic and military terms, but also in people's daily lives because of the increasing practices and techniques of copying and falsifying information. 1,2 Therefore, it is imperative to design and explore complex high-security anticounterfeiting materials to improve information security and resist copying and counterfeiting. From the initial development of watermarking technology to the current hightechnology techniques of holography, stimuli-chromic effects (photochromic, hydrochromic and thermochromic) and photoluminescence (fluorescence and phosphorescence), the difficulty of anti-counterfeiting is gradually increasing owing to the enhanced requirements of information security.…”