Application of chemistry to in vitro diagnostic tests

Price, Christopher P.

doi:10.1039/a908509b

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…71,72 The shared high selectivity of antibody and enzyme biorecognition elements stems from their biologically evolved role requiring high specificity for the success of immunological and other physiological processes. 73…”

Section: Biosensor Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally occurring biorecognition elements, such as antibodies or enzymes, are optimal for biosensor applications when selectivity is the most important biosensor characteristic. Antibodies achieve specificity through binding domains located on the arms of their “Y” conformational shape. − Enzymes have binding pockets with unique hydrogen bonding and electrostatic biorecognition patterns to achieve analyte specificity. , The shared high selectivity of antibody and enzyme biorecognition elements stems from their biologically evolved role requiring high specificity for the success of immunological and other physiological processes …”

Section: Biosensor Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…70,71 The shared high selectivity of antibody and enzyme biorecognition elements stems from their biologically evolved role requiring high specificity for the success of immunological and other physiological processes. 72 The selectivity of nucleic acid or aptamer biorecognition elements is hindered by nonspecific electrostatic interactions. The inherent negative charge of DNA causes nonspecific electrostatic interactions with competing analytes, which can be overcome to some degree using peptide nucleic acids.…”

Section: ■ Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Guide to Selecting a Biorecognition Element for Biosensors

2018

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Biosensors are powerful diagnostic tools defined as having a biorecognition element for analyte specificity and a transducer for a quantifiable signal. There are a variety of different biorecognition elements, each with unique characteristics. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each biorecognition element and their influence on overall biosensor performance is crucial in the planning stages to promote the success of novel biosensor development. Therefore, this review will focus on selecting the optimal biorecognition element in the preliminary design phase for novel biosensors. Included is a review of the typical characteristics and binding mechanisms of various biorecognition elements, and how they relate to biosensor performance characteristics, specifically sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and reusability. The goal is to point toward language needed to improve the design and development of biosensors toward clinical success.

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Section: Biosensor Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biosensor Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guide to Selecting a Biorecognition Element for Biosensors

2018

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“…Immobilization of biomolecules is currently the focus of intense interest. The reasons for such a drive in research are numerous and diverse spanning from the most fundamental studies of protein function and structure , to sophisticated applications for sensing devices. − The advantages of immobilization in such studies are well documented and include such factors as improved stability and improved electrochemical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that Affect Protein Adsorption on Nanostructured Titania Films. A Novel Spectroelectrochemical Application to Sensing

et al. 2001

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Nanoporous, thick (8 μm) films of titania (TiO2) were prepared and used for the immobilization of proteins. A detailed study has been made into the factors influencing protein adsorption on TiO2. Among these, we investigated pH, ionic strength of solution, protein surface charge, protein size, and immobilization time. Protein immobilization is found to be remarkably stable, attributed to secondary binding processes occurring after the initial immobilization. We also investigated the electrochemical properties of these films using cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry and found that not only was direct reduction of the FeIII−heme to FeII−heme of both cytochrome-c and hemoglobin possible but that all the protein in the film is electroactive. We further demonstrate the use of a hemoglobin/TiO2 film as an aerobic sensor for nitric oxide. Optical sensing is demonstrated, with a limit of detection of 1 μM.

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“…Due to their biologically evolved role, naturally occurring biorecognition elements are more advantageous when selectivity is crucial in the biosensor application . Synthetic modalities, such as MIPs and aptamers, may present hindered selectivity due to nonspecific electrostatic interactions or bindings in complex media. ,− Possible strategies to reduce nonspecific binding include postsynthesis chemical modifications of aptamers or using peptide nucleic acids to minimize electrostatic interactions with intereferents. , In the case of MIPs, it has been shown that increasing the amount of polymer cross-linking reduces the nonspecific bindings due to the heterogeneity of interactions within the binding cavity , but may come at the expense of metabolite diffusion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronic Devices for Metabolite Sensing

et al. 2021

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Electrochemical detection of metabolites is essential for early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of a variety of health conditions. This review focuses on organic electronic material-based metabolite sensors and highlights their potential to tackle critical challenges associated with metabolite detection. We provide an overview of the distinct classes of organic electronic materials and biorecognition units used in metabolite sensors, explain the different detection strategies developed to date, and identify the advantages and drawbacks of each technology. We then benchmark state-of-the-art organic electronic metabolite sensors by categorizing them based on their application area (in vitro, bodyinterfaced, in vivo, and cell-interfaced). Finally, we share our perspective on using organic bioelectronic materials for metabolite sensing and address the current challenges for the devices and progress to come. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4581 2. Metabolite Sensing in the Body at a Glance 4583 2.1. Metabolite Sensing and Signaling Mechanisms: Sensor−Transducer−Effector Model 4583 2.2. (Biological) Recognition Units 4584 3. Organic Electronic Materials in Metabolite Sensing 4588 3.1. Graphene 4588 3.2. Carbon Nanotubes 4590 3.3. Conjugated Polymers (CPs) 4590 3.4. Composite Materials 4591 4. Sensing Methods 4592 4.1. Electrodes 4593 4.1.1.

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Application of chemistry to in vitro diagnostic tests

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Guide to Selecting a Biorecognition Element for Biosensors

Guide to Selecting a Biorecognition Element for Biosensors

Factors that Affect Protein Adsorption on Nanostructured Titania Films. A Novel Spectroelectrochemical Application to Sensing

Organic Bioelectronic Devices for Metabolite Sensing

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