Application of chemical fractionation methods for characterisation of biofuels, waste derived fuels and CFB co-combustion fly ashes

Pettersson, Anita; Zevenhoven, Maria; Steenari, Britt‐Marie; Åmand, Lars-Erik

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.05.030

Cited by 111 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…There is a need for models of predicting the formation and characteristics of coal-biomass ash mixtures under different gasification conditions. The formation, behavior, and use of ash under combustion conditions for coal [88,263,264], biomass [263,[265][266][267][268] and coal-biomass (co-firing) [101,263,[269][270][271][272][273] is abundant whereas very few are available for coal-biomass co-gasification. The thermochemistry in the two environments is not the same, e.g., gasification ashes have a high content of unburned carbon preventing its direct utilization in some applications where combustion ashes are used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Abstract:Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world's energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K 2 O, Na 2 O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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“…Chemical fractionation, a progressive leaching method using various solvents, has proven useful to estimate whether compounds in the fuel are reactive or inert during combustion [14]. With this method, an indication of the ash chemistry could be obtained; it could also be applied to determine the compound composition of ashes as a complementary method to SEM-EDX analysis [15].…”

Section: Chemical Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Combustion of Animal Waste in a Commercial Waste-to-Energy BFB Boiler

Moradian

Pettersson

Svärd³

et al. 2013

Energies

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Co-combustion of animal waste, in waste-to-energy boilers, is considered a method to produce both heat and power and to dispose of possibly infected animal wastes. This research conducted full-scale combustion tests to identify the impact of changed fuel composition on a fluidized-bed boiler. The impact was characterized by analyzing the deposit formation rate, deposit composition, ash composition, and emissions. Two combustion tests, denoted the reference case and animal waste case, were performed based on different fuel mixes. In the reference case, a normal solid waste fuel mix was combusted in the boiler, containing sorted industry and household waste. In the animal waste case, 20 wt% animal waste was added to the reference fuel mix. The collected samples, comprising sampling probe deposits, fuel mixes, bed ash, return sand, boiler ash, cyclone ash and filter ash, were analyzed using chemical fractionation, SEM-EDX and XRD. The results indicate decreased deposit formation due to animal waste co-combustion. SEM-EDX and chemical fractionation identified higher concentrations of P, Ca, S, and Cl in the bed materials in the animal waste case. Moreover, the risk of bed agglomeration was lower in the animal waste case and also a decreased rate of NO x and SO 2 emissions were observed.

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“…Sewage sludge ashes contain a significant concentration of aluminosilicate. The concentration of aluminosilicate in sewage sludge ashes is caused among others by the components of washing powders present in wastewater (Petterson et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolitization of Sewage Sludge Ash With a Fusion Method

Latosińska¹

2016

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The study shows the results of zeolitization of municipal sewage sludge ash with the indirect fusion method followed by a hydrothermal method. The zeolitization of sewage sludge ash was conducted at the melting temperature of 550 o C and the melting time of 60 minutes, crystallization temperatures of 60 o C and 90 o C, crystallization time of 6 hours and the SSA:NaOH ratio of 1:1.8; 1:1.4. The research of modified sewage sludge ashes included the observation of changes of ash particles surface and the identification of crystalized phases. The zeolitization of sewage sludge ash at the ratio of SSA:NaOH 1.0:1.4 did not cause the formation of zeolite phases. On the other hand, the zeolitization at the ratio of SSA:NaOH 1.0:1.8 resulted in the formation of desired zeolite phases such as zeolite Y (faujasite) and hydroxysodalite. The presented method of sewage sludge ash zeolitization allows to obtain highly usable material. Synthesized zeolites may be used as adsorbents and ion exchangers. They can be potentially used to remove heavy metals as well as ammonia from water and wastewater.

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Application of chemical fractionation methods for characterisation of biofuels, waste derived fuels and CFB co-combustion fly ashes

Cited by 111 publications

References 19 publications

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

Co-Combustion of Animal Waste in a Commercial Waste-to-Energy BFB Boiler

Zeolitization of Sewage Sludge Ash With a Fusion Method

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