Application of Box–Behnken design for ultrasound‐assisted extraction and recycling preparative HPLC for isolation of anthraquinones fromCassia singueana

Abstract

Introduction Cassia singueana Del. (Fabaceae) is a rare medicinal plant used in the traditional medicine preparations to treat various ailments. The root of C. singueana is a rich source of anthraquinones that possess anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Objective The objective of this study was to develop an ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method for achieving a high extraction yield of anthraquinones using the response surface methodology (RSM), Box–Behnken design (BBD), and a recycling preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) protocol for isolation of anthraquinones from C. singueana. Methodology Optimisation of UAE was performed using the Box–Behnken experimental design. Recycling preparative HPLC was employed to isolate anthraquinones from the root extract of C. singueana. Results The BBD was well‐described by a quadratic polynomial model (R2 = 0.9751). The predicted optimal UAE conditions for a high extraction yield were obtained at: extraction time 25.00 min, temperature 50°C and solvent‐sample ratio of 10 mL/g. Under the predicted conditions, the experimental value (1.65 ± 0.07%) closely agreed to the predicted yield (1.64%). The obtained crude extract of C. singueana root was subsequently purified to afford eight anthraquinones. Conclusion The extraction protocol described here is suitable for large‐scale extraction of anthraquinones from plant extracts.

Statistical Modelling of Ultrasonic-Aided Extraction of <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Leaves for Better-Quality Yield and Total Phenolic Content

“…5) implied that elevating both factors to their maximum values can favor better yields of the OPLE. This might be due to the use of a larger solventto-solid ratio that tends to promote a greater mass transfer of trapped plant solutes in cells into the surrounding medium, as previously described by similar studies [34,37]. This, in turn, led to an improved EY from the powdered OPL.…”

“…Whilst, an extraction time of 30 min was seen as sufficient to enhance extraction of phenolic compounds from powdered OPL, a longer extraction time can allow a higher cavitation effect to physically disrupt plant cells [37] of OPL, thereby releasing higher contents of phenolic compounds into the extractive medium. The study found the value of TFC was the highest at 181.46 mg CAE/g.…”

“…This has to do with the polarity of plant phenolic compounds being higher than water but lower than absolute ethanol, thus a 50% ethanol:water mixed would provide adequate polarity to solubilize more of the extracted OPL compounds. Correspondingly, the same solvent mixture of ethanol:water can act a good swelling agent to cause the bursting of cell walls of OPL, permitting higher entry of the solvent mixture into the cells [37]. Contrariwise, a too high concentration of water would not improve the TPC of the UAE technique.…”

Comparative evaluation of the liquid chromatographic methods for simultaneous analysis of quercetin and salicin in an anti‐psoriasis polyherbal formulation

“…Various analytical methods has been reported for the estimation of active phytoconstituents. It includes TLC , HPTLC , HPTLC/MS , HPLC , HPLC/MS/MS , LC/MS, GC/MS and GC/MS/MS.As per world health organisation recommendation High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector is best suited for the pharmaceutical analysis. HPLC have been used widely in research and development and quality control sections in pharmaceutical industries .…”

Preparative separation of isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis impatiens using a middle‐pressure chromatogram isolated gel column coupled with two‐dimensional liquid chromatography

“…Prep‐HPLC (preparative HPLC) can be used to isolate individual constituents from biological samples and natural products . This method has superior column efficiency, excellent separation reproducibility, efficient purification, and rapid online detection.…”