Application of Bottom Ash as Filter Media for Construction Site Runoff Control

Abstract

The potential application of bottom ash (BA) for construction site runoff control as an alternative filter media with high removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) and longer operation period were evaluated. Both lab-scale single-layer and pilot-scale multi-layer filtration experiments were performed using BA filter media with different particle sizes and various volumetric flow rates. Due to the mesoporous, irregular, and spherical shape of gravel-size BA filter media used in this study, relatively low surface area, negligible pore volume, and greater pore size were observed. Both TSS removal efficiencies and clogging of BA filter media were a complex function of particle size of BA filter media and loading rate of TSS. Incoming TSS particles did not significantly penetrate beyond 46-cm BA filter media depth, accumulating on the upper layers and gradually forming a clogging layer to critical thickness, and finally the clogging filtration mechanism dominated the overall removal efficiency of TSS. Accumulation of TSS on BA filter media can be explained by the lumped sigmoidal empirical model, and an exponential decline in accumulation of TSS with depth results in minimal accumulation beneath the clogging layer. As practical implications, BA filter media depth of less than 46 cm is recommended with dual- or multi-media filters using mixtures of gravel-size BA and silt-size fine media, and a combination of detention basins can reduce frequent periodic de-clogging operation and management.

An Analysis of Soil Erosion on Construction Sites in Megacities Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

“…The sedimentation effect of the sedimentation tank can be simulated by numerical simulation; in addition, the appropriate application relationship between sedimentation tank volume and CSM property can be established through the accumulation of empirical data. Filter media [64] and a flocculating agent [65,66] have also been studied for settling sediment in drainage. The sedimentation tank can achieve a higher sediment interception effect by combining with these methods.…”

Copper and Zinc Removal Efficiency of Two Reactive Filter Media Treating Motorway Runoff—Model for Service Life Estimation

“…The service life of the media may be prejudiced by other components presents in the stormwater, which can control and influence the result of the modeling. Joo et al [50], Conley et al [51] and Kandra et al [52] reported clogging of filter media due to the concentration of suspended solids in the stormwater. The clogging phenomena have been also simulated in infiltration systems treating rainfall-runoff [53].…”