Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have become a topic of increased importance in the study of carbonaceous materials. This arises from the physical and chemical properties that are created when N is embedded in a CNT. These properties include modified chemical reactivity and modified conductivity and mechanical properties. A range of methodologies have been devised to synthesize N-CNTs. One of the procedures uses a floating catalyst in which an organometallic complex is decomposed in the gas phase in the presence of a nitrogen containing reactant to give N-CNTs. Most studies have been limited to ferrocene, ring substituted ferrocene and Fe(CO)5. This review covers the synthesis (and properties) of N-CNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials (SCNMs) produced using organometallic complexes. It summarizes the effects that physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, gas flow rates, type and concentration of N source etc. have on the N-CNT type, size and yields as well as the nitrogen content incorporated into the tubes that are produced from organometallic complexes. Proposed growth models for N-CNT synthesis are also reported.
Materials made of carbon that can be synthesised and characterised at the nano level have become a mainstay in the nanotechnology arena. These carbon materials can have a remarkable range of morphologies. They can have structures that are either hollow or filled and can take many shapes, as evidenced by the well-documented families of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. However, these are but two of the shapes that carbon can form at the nano level. In this review we outline the types of shaped carbons that can be produced by simple synthetic procedures, focusing on spheres, tubes or fibres, and helices. Their mechanisms of formation and uses are also described.http://www.sajs.co.za S Afr J Sci 2011; 107(3/4)
This work reports
the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/cellulose
(CA) nanofibers embedded with silver (Ag) and silver/iron (Ag/Fe)
nanoparticles (NPs) via a benign process involving in situ electrospinning of the biopolymers with Ag and Fe salts. The electrospun
nanocomposite fibers containing Ag+/Fe3+ ions
were then subjected to UV photochemical reduction in the presence
of water vapor under inert atmosphere to reduce the ions to zerovalent
state. SEM and TEM revealed that the average diameter of the β-CD/CA
nanofibers was 382.12 ± 30.09 nm and that the diameters of Ag
and Ag/Fe NPs were 38.81 ± 8.21 nm and 56.29 ± 12.64 nm,
respectively, after reduction. The XRD and EDS analysis confirmed
the presence of the Ag and Fe NPs on the surface of the nanofibers.
The effect of UV irradiation time on the reduction of the Ag+ and Fe3+ was studied by measuring the UV–vis absorbance
of the reduced NPs. The biocidal effect of Ag and Ag/Fe was investigated
using 12 different strains of bacteria. The Ag and Ag/Fe NPs embedded
on the β-CD/CA nanofibers exhibited a strong biocidal effect
on all of the bacteria strains.
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