Application of biofertilizers and zinc increases yield, nodulation and unsaturated fatty acids of soybean

Abstract

In order to study the effects of biofertilizers and zinc on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean, factorial experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons. Experimental factors included nano zinc oxide in four levels: without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control, application of 0.3 (Zn1), 0.6 (Zn2) and 0.9 (Zn3) g L -1 , and five biofertilizers levels: no biofertilizer (B0), seed inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B1), B. japonicum + Azosprillum lipoferum strain OF (B2), B. japonicum + Pseudomonas putida strain 186 (B3) and B. japonicum + A. lipoferum strain OF + P. putida strain 186 (B4). The results showed that maximum number of nodules per plant (16.55) and grain yield (1875 kg ha -1 ) were recorded at the application of biofertilizer and nano zinc oxide as Zn3B4. The highest dry weight of nodules per plant, the number of pods and grains per plant were obtained in application of nano zinc oxide as Zn3 and biofertilizers as B4. Oil and protein content increased through the application of biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide. The maximum oil content was obtained by applying 0.9 g L -1 nano zinc oxide and inoculation as B4. The saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) declined by inoculation with biofertilizer in comparison with the control, while unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic and oleic) were increased. Results showed that both application of biofertilizer and 0.9 g L -1 nano zinc oxide (Zn3B4) increased grain yield by about 68% in comparison with Zn0B0. Based on the results, it was concluded that co-inoculation with B. japonicum + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nano zinc oxide application can be recommended for profitable soybean production.

Plant Material as a Novel Tool in Designing and Formulating Modern Biostimulants—Analysis of Botanical Extract from Linum usitatissimum L.

“…The low solubility of Zn in soils means that crops susceptible to Zn deficiency may suffer from disruption of these physiological and metabolic processes. Accordingly, foliar spraying of crops with plant extracts containing even a small amount of micro-and macroelements (especially zinc) significantly increases yields [84,86], as observed in the present study, in which the linseed extract was used as a biostimulant.…”

“…Although scarce, the research indicates that plant extracts can be utilized as effective biostimulants, providing far better results than synthetic agrochemicals. Sharifi [84] attributes this superior performance to the mineral content in plant extracts. Zn levels are of particular importance, as zinc plays a crucial role in chlorophyll biosynthesis, lipid and protein metabolism, carbohydrate synthesis, and enzymatic activity [85].…”

Nutrient Utilization and Yield Response of Lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i> Medikus) to <i>Rhizobium</i> Inoculant and Sulphur Fertilization

“…Consistent with this finding, root and nodule development of legumes root is promoted by S fertilization [27]. Similarly, dry weight of nodules increased at combined application S and Rhizobium inoculation in soybean plants [28]. Means with the same letter in the columns and rows are not significantly different at 5% probability level.…”

The Enhancement of Soybean Growth and Yield in a Field Trial through Introduction of Mixtures of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas chlororaphis

“…In the field, application of Bradyrhizobium co-inoculated with PGPR, including Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum spp., significantly improved yield and yield components of soybean when compared with the sole application of some of applied strains (Son et al, 2006;Seyed Sharifi, 2016). Masciarelli et al (2014) co-inoculated B. amyloliquefaciens from soybean seeds with B. japonicum, a natural symbiont of soybean and reported enhanced plant growth parameters and significantly improved nodulation.…”