Application of Bio-Friendly Formulations of Chitinase-Producing Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 for Controlling Peanut Soil-Borne Diseases Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

Abstract

Of ten actinobacterial isolates, Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 exhibited the strongest suppression of Sclerotium rolfsii mycelium growth and the highest chitinase enzyme production (49.2 U L-1 min-1). The interaction between Actino 48 and S. rolfsii was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed many abnormalities, malformations, and injuries of the hypha, with large loss of S. rolfsii mycelia density and mass. Three talc-based formulations with culture broth, cell-free supernatant, and cell pellet suspension of chitinase-producing Actino 48 were characterized using SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a particle size analyzer. All formulations were evaluated as biocontrol agents for reducing damping-off, root rot, and pods rot diseases of peanut caused by S. rolfsii under greenhouse and open-field conditions. The talc-based culture broth formulation was the most effective soil treatment, which decreased the percentage of peanut diseases under greenhouse and open-field conditions during two successive seasons. The culture broth formulation showed the highest increase in the dry weight of peanut shoots, root systems, and yielded pods. The transcriptional levels of three defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-3, and POD) were elevated in the culture broth formulation treatment compared with other formulations. Subsequently, the bio-friendly talc-based culture broth formulation of chitinase-producing Actino 48 could potentially be used as a biocontrol agent for controlling peanut soil-borne diseases caused by S. rolfsii.

Trichoderma hamatum Strain Th23 Promotes Tomato Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

“…Furthermore, several studies have shown that PR-1 is an SA marker gene, an important regulator of SAR, and a predictor of early plant defensive response [ 93 , 95 ]. Meanwhile, induction of PR-1 is frequently associated with SA accumulation, which results in SAR activation [ 20 , 96 , 97 ]. As a result, we hypothesized that Th23 may produce elicitor metabolite compounds that induce systemic resistance, activating SAR, and enhancing plant resistance to viral infection.…”

First Report of Protective Activity of Paronychia argentea Extract against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection

“…It is well known that salicylic acid (SA) is a key plant signal phytohormone molecule, and its involvement in plant immunity activation has been reported for more than two decades [47,48]. Meanwhile, after pathogen infection, induction of PR-1, a SA marker gene, is frequently associated with SA activation [48,49]. Consequently, we suggest that the P. argentea extract contains elicitor metabolite compounds capable of activating SAR and increasing plant resistance against viral infection.…”

Plantago lagopus extract as a green fungicide induces systemic resistance against Rhizoctonia root rot disease in tomato plants

“…From this perspective, it appears vital to increase our understanding of biocontrol to improve its application and effectiveness. For all these reasons, research is making good progress toward a biological control point of view that could be combined with other methods to make a good plan for fighting plant diseases ( Abo-Zaid et al, 2021 ). Many biocontrol agents are reported to fight R. solani pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma species, which stop the pathogen’s growth or progress with different strategies like production of siderophores, cell lysis enzymes, or by direct intact (hyperparasitism; Wu et al, 2019 ; El-Benawy et al, 2020 ; Heflish et al, 2021 ).…”