Application of Adaptive Optics in Ophthalmology

Liu, Lixin; Wu, Zhaoqing; Qi, Meijie; Li, Yanru; Zhang, Meiling; Liao, Dingying; Gao, Peng

doi:10.3390/photonics9050288

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Another barrier currently to the large-scale adoption of AO technology in clinics is their need for clinical diagnostics. The increasing body of literature highlighting the extraordinary results in revealing cellular-level details in healthy and diseased retinas (see the excellent review [75]) needs to be followed by large-scale clinical studies that will demonstrate the clinical utility of such technology. We expect that the main drive towards the clinics will not come from the extraordinary power to image in vivo the retinal structure at the cellular level, but from its ability to quantify the changes in this structure due to disease, and in particular, due to treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Technology Overview and Applications

Mujat,

Ferguson,

Hammer

et al. 2024

Photonics

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Adaptive optics (AO) has been used in many applications, including astronomy, microscopy, and medical imaging. In retinal imaging, AO provides real-time correction of the aberrations introduced by the cornea and the lens to facilitate diffraction-limited imaging of retinal microstructures. Most importantly, AO-based retinal imagers provide cellular-level resolution and quantification of changes induced by retinal diseases and systemic diseases that manifest in the eye enabling disease diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression or the efficacy of treatments. In this paper, we present an overview of our team efforts over almost two decades to develop high-resolution retinal imagers suitable for clinical use. Several different types of imagers for human and small animal eye imaging are reviewed, and representative results from multiple studies using these instruments are shown. These examples demonstrate the extraordinary power of AO-based retinal imaging to reveal intricate details of morphological and functional characteristics of the retina and to help elucidate important aspects of vision and of the disruptions that affect delicate retinal tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Technology Overview and Applications

Mujat,

Ferguson,

Hammer

et al. 2024

Photonics

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“…To increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of objects, it is necessary to reduce the gaps between the REs (d), this is also relevant when reducing the diameter of the light probe. Thus, in ophthalmic equipment, the PR must have a resolution sufficient to transmit small details of the fundus and a high signal-tonoise ratio to reproduce the image of the fundus with the necessary contrast [3,4]. A laser beam is also used to detect cantilever deflection in atomic force microscopy.…”

Section: Formulation Of the Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon four element p-i-n photodiode with improved characteristics

Kukurudziak¹

2023

reks

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This article presents the results of the development of silicon coordinate p-i-n photodiodes (PD) with improved parameters. The technological possibilities of reducing the gaps between the responsive areas of multi-element PDs were studied. PDs with reduced gaps were modeled, samples were made according to the models, the parameters of the obtained PDs and the influence of various technological factors on their values were investigated. During research, it was established that the factor that limits the possibility of reducing the gaps is the insulation resistance between the responsive elements. The decrease in the insulation resistance between the PD elements was a consequence of the formation of inversion leakage channels at the Si-SiO2 interface, which is characteristic of high-resistance p-type silicon, the conductivity of which increased with a decrease in the width of the gaps. To increase the resistance of the gaps between the platforms and reduce the influence of inversion layers, it was decided to form regions of the restriction of the leakage channels between the REs – highly doped regions isotypic with the substrate material (p+-type). They will prevent the movement of current carriers that are generated in the inversion layers on the surface of the substrate. Four-element p-i-n photodiodes with 31 μm gaps between the sites were made. The proposed PD is not significantly inferior in parameters to analogues, but it is the sample with the smallest gaps between RE among photodiodes of the same type and size in the world market. The improvement of the insulation resistance between the REs made it possible to reduce the level of dark current of the PD by twice compared to serial products, with a slight decrease in responsivity due to the introduction of additional thermal operations into the technological route. In particular, the dark current density of the RE of experimental PDs was 40-80 nA/cm2, compared to 80-250 nA/cm2 for commercial samples. Impulse current monochromatic sensitivity at a wavelength of 1064 nm for experimental samples was 0.41-0.44 A/W, and for commercial ones - 0.45-0.48 A/W.

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“…Sensorless AO (SAO) is another alternative to hardware-based AO-OCT that relies on the images’ properties rather than a wavefront sensor to ultimately measure and correct aberrations [ 56 ]. SAO optimization methods and algorithms include Zernike Mode Hill Climbing [ 57 ], stochastic parallel gradient descent [ 58 , 59 ], deep reinforcement learning [ 60 ], and others.…”

Section: Adaptive Optics (Ao) In Oct (Ao-oct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Technology and Techniques for Choroidal and Retinal Disorders

Ong

Zarnegar

Corradetti

et al. 2022

JCM

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has played a pivotal role in the field of retina. This light-based, non-invasive imaging modality provides high-quality, cross-sectional analysis of the retina and has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of retinal and choroidal diseases. Since its introduction in the early 1990s, OCT technology has continued to advance to provide quicker acquisition times and higher resolution. In this manuscript, we discuss some of the most recent advances in OCT technology and techniques for choroidal and retinal diseases. The emerging innovations discussed include wide-field OCT, adaptive optics OCT, polarization sensitive OCT, full-field OCT, hand-held OCT, intraoperative OCT, at-home OCT, and more. The applications of these rising OCT systems and techniques will allow for a closer monitoring of chorioretinal diseases and treatment response, more robust analysis in basic science research, and further insights into surgical management. In addition, these innovations to optimize visualization of the choroid and retina offer a promising future for advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of chorioretinal diseases.

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Application of Adaptive Optics in Ophthalmology

Cited by 12 publications

References 148 publications

High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Technology Overview and Applications

High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Technology Overview and Applications

Silicon four element p-i-n photodiode with improved characteristics

Advances in Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Technology and Techniques for Choroidal and Retinal Disorders

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