“…Thus, most countries have turned to cultured Clarias species for their high reproductive capacity under natural and controlled conditions, high growth rate, tolerance of bad water conditions and high nutritional value (Ikpi & Offem, ; Khan & Abidi, ; Maneechot et al, ). Several trials using herbal and alternative medicine in fish culture (Hoseinifar et al, ) have been performed to overcome the side effects of using antibiotics for controlling different diseases that cause severe issues in humans, especially drug resistance and antibiotic residues (Chafer‐Pericas et al, ; Obaidat, Salman, & Lafi, ; Park, Jung, & Lee, ). Probiotic (Mehdinejad, Imanpour, & Jafari, ; Meidong et al, ), prebiotic (Bai, Tsuruta, & Nishino, ; Forsatkar, Nematollahi, Rafiee, Farahmand, & Lawrence, ) and even immune‐modulating agents have been used (Fuchs, Schmidt, Slater, Buck, & Steinhagen, ; Valenzuela, Rodriguez, Modak, & Imarai, ).…”