Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part II: Assessment from multi-scale modelling

Borge, Rafael; Santiago, José Luis; Paz, David de la; Martín, Fernando López; Domingo, Jessica; Valdés, Cristina; Sánchez, Beatríz; Rivas, Esther; Rozas, Ma. Teresa; Lázaro, Sonia; Pérez, J. L.; Alonso, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.323

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…have been put in place over the last years in European cities aiming at curbing emissions from road transport and meeting EU urban air quality standards. Proper selection and design of measures to improve air quality are usually based on modelling tools that facilitate comparing the benefits and costs of different scenarios [8,9]. The emission factors (EFs) used as input in air quality modelling systems have been identified among the primary sources of uncertainty [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Factors Derived from 13 Euro 6b Light-Duty Vehicles Based on Laboratory and On-Road Measurements

et al. 2019

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Tailpipe emissions of a pool of 13 Euro 6b light-duty vehicles (eight diesel and five gasoline-powered) were measured over an extensive experimental campaign that included laboratory (chassis dynamometer), and on-road tests (using a portable emissions measurement system). The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the Worldwide harmonised Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) were driven in the laboratory following standard and extended testing procedures (such as low temperatures, use of auxiliaries, modified speed trace). On-road tests were conducted in real traffic conditions, within and outside the boundary conditions of the regulated European Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) test. Nitrogen oxides (NO X ), particle number (PN), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission factors were developed considering the whole cycles, their sub-cycles, and the first 300 s of each test to assess the cold start effect. Despite complying with the NEDC type approval NO X limit, diesel vehicles emitted, on average, over the WLTC and the RDE 2.1 and 6.7 times more than the standard limit, respectively. Diesel vehicles equipped with only a Lean NO X trap (LNT) averaged six and two times more emissions over the WLTC and the RDE, respectively, than diesel vehicles equipped with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. Gasoline vehicles with direct injection (GDI) emitted eight times more NO X than those with port fuel injection (PFI) on RDE tests. Large NO X emissions on the urban section were also recorded for GDIs (122 mg/km). Diesel particle filters were mounted on all diesel vehicles, resulting in low particle number emission (~10 10 #/km) over all testing conditions including low temperature and high dynamicity. GDIs (~10 12 #/km) and PFIs (~10 11 #/km) had PN emissions that were, on average, two and one order of magnitude higher than for diesel vehicles, respectively, with significant contribution from the cold start. PFIs yielded high CO emission factors under high load operation reaching on average 2.2 g/km and 3.8 g/km on WLTC extra-high and RDE motorway, respectively. The average on-road CO 2 emissions were~33% and 41% higher than the declared CO 2 emissions at type-approval for diesel and gasoline vehicles, respectively. The use of auxiliaries (AC and lights on) over the NEDC led to an increase of~20% of CO 2 emissions for both diesel and gasoline vehicles. Results for NO X , CO and CO 2 were used to derive average on-road emission factors that are in good agreement with the emission factors proposed by the EMEP/EEA guidebook.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Factors Derived from 13 Euro 6b Light-Duty Vehicles Based on Laboratory and On-Road Measurements

et al. 2019

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“…Localización de las emisiones de NO X del tráfico de vehículos en pauta de conducción interurbana, urbana y rural ....... ...................................................................................................................................... Figura 2.18. Esquema de la metodología para estimación de emisiones del tráfico rodado en Madrid y preparación para su uso en el sistema de simulación de la calidad del aire a mesoescala (Borge et al, 2018). .................................................................................................................................................... ("plume model"), recirculación ("box model") y turbulencia generada por efecto del tráfico (T Traf ).…”

Section: íNdice De Figurasunclassified

“…Además, esta actividad fotoquímica depende de la temperatura y de la disponibilidad de luz solar, por lo tanto, además de las emisiones de precursores y de la química atmosférica, las condiciones meteorológicas son un factor fundamental que también determina los niveles de concentración de ozono. En la (Borge et al, 2018;.…”

Section: Meteorología: Evaluación Frente a Las Observacionesunclassified

“…Estas implementaciones han permitido, por un lado, la inclusión de nuevas fuentes de emisión de partículas en el sistema de modelización, y por otro, mejorar la representación de la interacción atmósfera-ciudad. Estos desarrollos ya han sido integrados satisfactoriamente en estudios posteriores recientes (Borge et al, 2018; básicamente del tráfico, al igual que las emisiones directas. Las simulaciones realizadas con el módulo de resuspensión implementado han conseguido reducir del sesgo promedio en un 85% respecto a la simulación sin resuspensión, alcanzando un valor medio de MFB (%) muy satisfactorio (menor del 15%).…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

“…El sistema de simulación que ha constituido la herramienta básica para el desarrollo de la investigación y que se describe a continuación constituye el culmen de dicha evolución y es representativo del estado de la ciencia actual en este campo. El sistema de simulación seleccionado es el utilizado por el grupo de investigación TARINDUSTRIAL 19 de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, y que ha sido utilizado en muy diversas aplicaciones tanto para la evaluación de políticas y planes de calidad del aire (AM, 2017), efectos sobre la salud(Boldo et al, 2011) y la vegetación (de Andrés et al, 2012), numerosos proyectos de investigación como SIMCA 20 , SERCA 21 o TECNAIRE-CM 22 y numerosos artículos de investigación(Borge et al, 2008a;Borge et al, 2009;Borge et al, 2014a;Borge et al, 2008b;Borge et al, 2018;Vedrenne et al, 2012). Tecnologías Ambientales y Recursos Industriales.…”

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Integración de procesos atmosféricos de distintas escalas para la mejora de la modelización de la calidad del aire asociada a material particulado en entornos urbanos

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Pollutant vertical mixing in the nocturnal boundary layer enhanced by density currents and low-level jets: two representative case studies

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Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part II: Assessment from multi-scale modelling

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

Emission Factors Derived from 13 Euro 6b Light-Duty Vehicles Based on Laboratory and On-Road Measurements

Emission Factors Derived from 13 Euro 6b Light-Duty Vehicles Based on Laboratory and On-Road Measurements

Integración de procesos atmosféricos de distintas escalas para la mejora de la modelización de la calidad del aire asociada a material particulado en entornos urbanos

Pollutant vertical mixing in the nocturnal boundary layer enhanced by density currents and low-level jets: two representative case studies

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