Application of a Screen-Printed Sensor Modified with Carbon Nanofibers for the Voltammetric Analysis of an Anticancer Disubstituted Fused Triazinone

Abstract

In this paper, we propose the first analytical procedure—using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with carbon nanofibers (SPCE/CNFs)—for the detection and quantitative determination of an electroactive disubstituted fused triazinone, namely 4-Cl-PIMT, which is a promising anticancer drug candidate. The electrochemical performances of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). The presence of carbon nanofibers on the sensor surface caused a decrease in charge-transfer resistance and an increase in the active surface compared to the bare SPCE. Under the optimised experimental conditions, the proposed voltammetric procedure possesses a good linear response for the determination of 4-Cl-PIMT in the two linear ranges of 0.5–10 nM and 10–100 nM. The low limits of detection and quantification were calculated at 0.099 and 0.33 nM, respectively. In addition, the sensor displays high reproducibility and repeatability, as well as good selectivity. The selectivity was improved through the use of a flow system and a short accumulation time. The SWAdSV procedure with SPCE/CNFs was applied to determine 4-Cl-PIMT in human serum samples. The SWAdSV results were compared to those obtained by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/single-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) method.

Screen-Printed Voltammetric Sensors—Tools for Environmental Water Monitoring of Painkillers

“…Carbon nanomaterials are very attractive for the mass production of SPEs and represent a significant opportunity to increase the analytical sensitivity of these devices, enabling new sensing applications [ 116 , 117 ]. These materials are characterized by excellent electrical conductivity, low electrical resistance, large surface area, and good physical and chemical stability [ 118 ]. In addition, the possibility of functionalization of their surface leads to an increase in analytical efficiency, including sensitivity and selectivity [ 119 ].…”

Simultaneous recognition of dopamine and uric acid in real samples through highly sensitive new electrode fabricated using ZnO/carbon quantum dots: bio-imaging and theoretical studies

“…20 This is because nanostructured materials possess a large active surface area, high porosity, high porous volume, and high texture, which can enhance the overall mass transport rate and electron transfer as compared to bulk material-based electrodes. 21 Thus, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 22 carbon quantum dots, 23 metal oxides, 24 graphene 25 and carbon nanofibers 26 have been employed to modify bare electrodes to achieve greater sensitivity towards DA and UA. So, the modified electrodes have possessed good electrical conductivity, large surface area, good catalytic activity, and biocompatibility.…”

“…Thus, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 22 carbon quantum dots, 23 metal oxides, 24 graphene 25 and carbon nanofibers 26 have been employed to modify bare electrodes to achieve greater sensitivity towards DA and UA. So, the modified electrodes have possessed good electrical conductivity, large surface area, good catalytic activity, and biocompatibility.…”

Thermal Investigations of Annelated Triazinones—Potential Analgesic and Anticancer Agents

“…A developed procedure for the quantitative determination of the most selective anticancer annelated triazinone (8) has been recently reported. This achievement has been disclosed as the first analytical method with potential applicability in clinical analytics [5].…”