Application of a novel bleach activator to low temperature bleaching of raw cotton fabrics

Establishing an energy-saving scouring/bleaching one-step process for cotton/spandex fabric using UVA-assisted irradiation

“…Low-temperature bleach activators like N- [4-(triethylammoniomethyl)-benzoyl]-caprolactam-chloride (TBCC), sodium 4-(nonanoyloxy)benzene sulphonate (NOBS), tetra-acetylethylenediamine (TAED), tetraacetyl hydrazine (TH) and glycerol triacetate (GT) have been widely studied for efficient bleaching in recent years. 5,[9][10][11][12] Perhydrolysis reaction starts where peracid is formed by the nucleophilic reaction of perhydroxyl anions (HO 2 À ) with the activators. 13 Although higher efficiency and lower temperature of bleaching are achieved, the introduction of bleach activators raises additional environmental concern.…”

Synthesis of a Novel and More Sustainable Cationic Bleach Activator, N-[4-(N,N,N)-Triethylammoniumchloride-butanoyl] Butyrolactam, for Cotton: Optimization and Theoretical Limitations

“…The generated peracid increases the oxidation rates and consequently improves the whiteness degree at lower temperatures. The bleaching mechanism of peracid mainly occurs by epoxidation of double bonds of the colored impurities in the fibers. − …”

Synthesis of Novel Cationic Bleach Activator, N-[4-(N,N,N)-Triethylammoniumchloride- Butanoyl] Butyrolactam, for Cellulose : Optimization and Theoretical Limitations

“…Peracids enable bleaching at low temperatures because they are stronger oxidizing agents. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), and the sodium salt of nonanoylbenzenesulphonic acid (NOBS) are two activators in widespread commercial use and are widely used in laundry detergent formulations for removal of coloring contaminants from textiles. However, TAED has poor solubility in water and NOBS has a negative charge on its leaving group with long alkyl chain, which leads to low substantivity for cellulose.…”

“…It contains one cationic group (quaternary ammonium cations), which can provide high water solubility and inherent great a nity toward negatively charged cellulosic bers in aqueous solutions, leading to improved bleach effectiveness. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Altay et al synthesized a less expensive, sustainable and more effective aliphatic acyl chloride based cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(N,N,N)-triethylammoniumchloride-butyryl] caprolactam (TBUCC), as compared to aromatic ones. 27 This study focuses on synthesis, optimization and theoretical limitations of a novel, more sustainable and effective cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(N,N,N)-triethylammoniumchloride-butanoyl] butyrolactam (TBUCB), for cellulose as compared to the aromatic ones reported in previous studies.…”

“…27 This study focuses on synthesis, optimization and theoretical limitations of a novel, more sustainable and effective cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(N,N,N)-triethylammoniumchloride-butanoyl] butyrolactam (TBUCB), for cellulose as compared to the aromatic ones reported in previous studies. [13][14][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Firstly, a novel cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(N,N,N)-triethylammoniumchloride-butanoyl] butyrolactam (TBUCB), was developed and synthesized. γ-butyrolactam, which is a low cost alternative and has higher hydrolytic stability than ε-caprolactam 28 was used as a leaving group to produce aliphatic peracid with one quaternary ammonium chloride site, N-[4-(N,N,N)-triethylammoniumchloride-butanoyl] butyrolactam (TBUCB).…”