Nonwoven spunbonded polyester has wide applications for both household goods and home furnishings and their usage has continually been growing. Nowadays, coloration of nonwoven fabrics is performed using conventional methods. Conventional polyester dyeing is an energy-intensive process as the dyeing is carried out above 120 °C to obtain efficient diffusion of dye. Furthermore, these high temperatures may cause some harmful effects on delicate nonwoven structures. Ultrasound assisted textile dyeing is an alternative method of conventional dyeing of textile materials, providing energy saving by reduced process temperature and time, lower consumptions of auxiliaries with increased dyeing efficiency. This paper focuses on comparing the conventional (high temperature (HT) and carrier dyeing) and ultrasonic dyeing of nonwoven spunbonded polyester fabrics to investigate the effect of ultrasound energy on dyeing performance. Experimental results indicated that highest or comparable dyeing performance can be achieved with ultrasound dyeing at lower temperature (85 °C, 60 min.) without carrier as compared to carrier dyeing (100 °C, 60 min.) and HT dyeing (130 °C, 60 min.), providing an increase of dye depth depending on the dye concentration and basis weight of the fabric. It was evidently seen that highest basis weight of fabric (107 g/m) used in this study exhibited greater color yield for each dye concentrations (K/S value of 4.90 at 0.2% dye concentration) as compared to conventional ones. The effect of ultrasound energy on reductive washing and fastness properties were also evaluated.
This paper investigates the effect of silica aerogels on mechanical (flexural and impact), nondestructive and thermal properties of glass/epoxy composites. Silica aerogels were mixed with epoxy at various volume fractions (1% and 3%) and infused with glass fabrics to produce composite laminates. Flexural tests indicated that the addition of aerogels increased the flexural strength of composites at the warp direction. Low impact energy (10-30 J) test results exhibited that impact force and energy absorption of composites were slightly increased . Higher energy (100 J) caused more severe damages and the effect of aerogels was more obvious. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that addition of aerogels increased the thermostability. Generally, addition 1% of aerogel provides more improvement on mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to addition 3%. Although there is not a linear relationship between aerogel content and thermal conductivity, samples with 3% aerogel exhibited lower thermal conductivity values than other samples.
Glass fiber fabric-reinforced epoxy composites (GEC) have some weakness on both thermal insulation and sound absorption insulation, which are very important for many application areas such as aircraft, train, and so on. The main aim of this study is to improve both sound absorbent and thermal insulation properties of GEC by incorporating different fillers such as hollow glass microspheres (HGMs), polystyrene (PS) microfiber membrane, and PS solution. Results show that incorporation of PS solution into glass fiber fabric epoxy composite (GEC-PS) provides higher sound absorption coefficient leading to an increase in the max SAC value from 0.1 to 0.4 and improvement in thermal insulation by decrease of thermal conductivity coefficient of GEC from 0.48 to 0.448 W/mK. Thermal insulation properties of GEC were improved by the use of PS microfiber membrane, which decreases the thermal conductivity coefficient of GEC from 0.48 to 0.438 W/mK. HGM did not improve both the thermal insulation and sound absorption insulation properties of GEC due to the agglomeration.
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