“…Because of the limitations of analytic formulas, several numerical techniques have been proposed. The harmonic expansion method accounts for proximity effects at high frequencies under the assumption that the skin effect is fully developed [3,11,12,13]. Techniques based on the finite element method (FEM) [14,8,15] fully predict proximity effect at both low and high frequencies, but they tend to be excessively time-consuming because of the fine mesh required to properly discretize the cross section.…”