“…As per the AIJ design guideline, the effective yield strength is defined as the stress at 1% strain based on the results of high-temperature coupon tests at a strain rate of 0.3%/min (JIS, 1998). Steel materials used for building structures have a wide range of strength levels (EN1993-1-12, 2005Murakami et al, 2014;Kitaoka et al, 2015), and many high-temperature coupon tests have been conducted on various steels of normal-strength (Cooke, 1988;Outinen and Makelainen, 1994;Kirby and Preston, 1988;Outinen and Makelainen, 2004;Honda et al, 1999;Zako et al, 2000;AIJ, 2017a, b) to high-strength (Qiang et al, 2012(Qiang et al, , 2013(Qiang et al, , 2016Murakami and Ichinohe, 2009;Murakami et al, 2013;Sugimoto et al, 2013).…”