Application de la méthode numérique à la taxonomie du genre <i>Leishmania</i> Ross, 1903

Lanotte, G.; Rioux, J. A.; Maazoun, R.; Pasteur, Nicole; Pratlong, Francine; Lepart, Jacques; Martini-Dumas, A.

doi:10.1051/parasite/1981566575

Cited by 44 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…4 are consistent with those predicted from isoenzyme comparisons. Surprisingly, we find more nuclear DNA divergence within L. major than within L. tropica, whereas three studies of isoenzymes (3,43,44,47) find the opposite result. The discrepancy may be due to the limited number of DNAs examined from strains within L. tropica.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment patterns.

Beverley¹,

Ismach²,

Pratt³

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Restriction endonuclease DNA fragment patterns have been used to examine the relationships among 28 isolates of Leishmania as well as Crithidia, Endotrypanum, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Fragments of nuclear DNA were generated with six restriction enzymes, and blots were hybridized with probes from three loci. Among the major lineages the fragment patterns are essentially completely different, while within the major lineages various degrees of divergence are found. Molecular evolutionary trees were constructed using the method of Nei and Li to estimate the percent nucleotide sequence divergence among strains from the fraction of fragments shared.Defined groups, such as species or subspecies within the major lineages, are also grouped by nuclear DNA comparisons. Within the donovani complex, we find Leishmania donovani chagasi and Leishmania donovani infantum to be as similar as strains within Leishmania donovani donovani, consistent with the proposal by other workers that New World visceral leishmaniasis originated quite recently.Protozoans belonging to the genus Leishmania are frequently parasites in humans, causing a spectrum of diseases whose severity ranges from mild through severely disfiguring to lethal (1). A variety of clinical, biological, and geographical criteria were initially used to classify species (1). With further study it became evident that geographical and pathological criteria were often inadequate to discriminate among different isolates, and biochemical and molecular approaches were employed, including comparisons of isoenzymes (2-5), kinetoplast DNA (6-9), proteins (10), and antigens (11)(12)(13)(14) Comparisons of nuclear DNA have been successfully employed in other organisms for the estimation of temporal and cladistic relationships of species (18)(19)(20). We used Southern blot hybridization with various defined nuclear DNA probes to obtain data that was analyzed by the method of Nei and Li (21) to estimate first the fraction of DNA fragments shared among species and then the percent of nucleotide sequence divergence. This method yields results that generally agree with comparisons of DNA sequences or of other parameters (refs. 20,22,and 23; personal communication). However, the calculation of percent divergence assumes that all fragment differences are attributable to point mutations. This assumption may not always be valid for nuclear DNA, where the presence of detectable length mutations would lower the fraction of fragments shared between two species and thus inflate the estimate of sequence divergence (24). To detect any anomalies caused by length mutations, we examined three independent regions of the nuclear genome and analyzed each data set separately as well as in combination. Our analysis indicates that the fragment comparison method is indeed suitable for comparisons within the major lineages of Leishmania.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment patterns.

Beverley¹,

Ismach²,

Pratt³

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Strain identification is a basic investigation useful for the knowledge of Leishmania foci and the understanding of the clinical outcome of leishmaniasis. The ecoepidemiological studies of leishmaniasis have made real progress thanks to the isoenzyme identification [20][21][22][23][24]. Identical clinical lesions may occur due to different species of Leishmania, which stresses the high interest of isoenzyme identification of the strains occurring in the area of Annaba [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Isoenzymatic Characterizations of the Leishmania Strains Responsible for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Area of Annaba (Eastern Algeria)

Mansouri¹

2012

TOPROCJ

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The epidemiological situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region of Annaba (North Eastern Algeria) is explored for the first time. During a clinical survey carried out in the Annaba Hospital between 2004 and 2008, the parasitological study of lesions has revealed 259 positive cases (43.31%). Isoenzymatic identification of 16 strains isolated showed the presence of three Leishmania species and four zymodemes. The hypothesis of the presence of L. infantum is confirmed with two zymodemes, MON-1 and MON-24. The unexpected presence of L. major MON-25 certifies the substantial extension of this zoonotic form to the North. The isolation of L.killicki, whose presence was unsuspected, reiterated the interest of eco-epidemiological analysis of households affected by the disease. Moreover, it is a new zymodeme never isolated so far, the MON-306. © Mansouri et al.; Licensee Bentham Open. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

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“…In Leishmania, zymodeme MON 1 is a striking example of an ubiquitous genotype; it is predominant in the Old World as well as in Latin America (28,29). In P. falciparum (30) (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the genus Leishmania, the predominance of asexual reproduction was commonly accepted (28,43), although never ascertained by means of genetic analyses of the sort we have developed. In T. brucei s.l., statistical evidence of a deficit of multilocus genotypes led to the conclusion that distinct strains might evolve independently (17), but it was not proposed that a clonal population structure would prevail throughout the whole taxon, nor were the consequences of such a hypothesis explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: The population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We propose a general theory of clonal reproduction for parasitic protozoa, which has important medical and biological consequences. Many parasitic protozoa have been assumed to reproduce sexually, because of diploidy and occasional sexuality in the laboratory. However, a population genetic analysis of extensive data on biochemical polymorphisms indicates that the two fundamental consequences of sexual reproduction (i.e., segregation and recombination) are apparently rare or absent in natural populations of the parasitic protozoa. Moreover, the clones recorded appear to be stable over large geographical areas and long periods of time.

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Application de la méthode numérique à la taxonomie du genre Leishmania Ross, 1903

Cited by 44 publications

References 3 publications

Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment patterns.

Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment patterns.

The First Isoenzymatic Characterizations of the Leishmania Strains Responsible for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Area of Annaba (Eastern Algeria)

A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: The population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences

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