Application and features of cascade aquatic plants system for sewage treatment

Zimmels, Y.; Kirzhner, F.; Malkovskaja, A.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.07.015

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The general requirements of plants suitable for use in CWs include ecological acceptability, i. e., no significant weed or disease risks or danger to the ecological or genetic integrity of the surrounding natural ecosystems, tolerance of local climate conditions, pollutants and waterlogged environment, rapid establishment, spread and growth, and high pollutant removal capacity [22] only some representative and common floating plants were selected. Floating plants such as Eichhornia crassipes (Ec) and Pistia stratiotes (Ps) have been used for upgrading wastewater quality over the past three decades [7,[23][24]. The CW used in this study has deep water at the center, which is not suitable for emergent plant growth.…”

Section: Plant Selection and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are also a good choice for the ER of the SNWTP because this project is not only a major water transfer project from south to north in China, but also an ecological project with high landscape requirements. To date, FWS wetlands have been mainly used for treating domestic sewage [6,7] and livestock wastewater [8,9], controlling non-point pollution [10,11], rehabilitating and re-establishing rivers and wetlands [12], and improving river quality [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristic Analysis of Plants for the Removal of Nutrients from a Constructed Wetland using Reclaimed Water

Wang

Gan

Wang

et al. 2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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One of the main issues with the East Route (ER) of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) in China is water pollution. The Pingyin wetland, situated near the SNWTP, collects reclaimed water discharging from a sewage treatment plant. Selected aquatic plants were cultivated in the constructed wetland and their biomass, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and accumulation were studied to assess whether the selected plants were suitable for cultivation in the reclaimed water environment and to determine their nutrient removal rates. Most of the introduced species showed high vitality after 60 days growth, and plant biomass increased greatly from the early to the middle part of the growing season. The TN content for different plant species during the growing season varied from 30 -165 mg/g, while the TP contents varied from 5 -35 mg/g. The TN and TP contents of the introduced species were significantly higher than those of the local species. The main TN absorption organ was the plant leaves. The nutrient accumulation by the local species was significantly higher than that of the main introduced species since accumulation is determined mainly by the species biomass. The TN and TP removal of plants contributed 9.66% and 49%, respectively, to total nutrient removal in the constructed wetland.

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Section: Plant Selection and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic Analysis of Plants for the Removal of Nutrients from a Constructed Wetland using Reclaimed Water

Wang

Gan

Wang

et al. 2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Although, from a technology point of view, it is now possible to treat wastewater up to any desired level, and even produce ultrapure water, the problem is the price of the treatment (Salgot 2008) and sometimes, social acceptance of wastewater reuse. NTSs have been proven as a better alternative of wastewater treatment worldwide because they have minimum energy requirements, lesser maintenance, and higher degree of treatment as compared with conventional mechanized treatment systems for the sanitation of small communities in the last few years (Mara et al 1992;Brix 1994;Vymazal 2002;Puigagut et al 2007;Zimmels et al 2008;Rana et al 2011). Moreover, the temperate climate conditions and land availability in India are ideally suited for NTSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Post-treatment and reuse of secondary effluents using natural ltreatment systems: the Indian practices

Kumar

Asolekar

Sharma

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Paper summarizes the results of India-wide survey of natural treatment systems (NTSs) for wastewater treatment and reuse. The quality of treated wastewater from different types of NTSs was analyzed for various physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters, and needs for post-treatment were identified. Currently, about 1838 million liters per day (MLD) of wastewater is being treated using NTSs, of which the contributions of polishing ponds, waste stabilization ponds, duckweed ponds, constructed wetlands, and Karnal technology were found to be 53.39, 45.15, 0.13, 0.55, and 0.78%, respectively. Among the NTSs studied, constructed wetland was found most efficient in removal of pollutants including nitrogen, phosphorus, total coliform, and fecal coliform in the range of 76, 61, 99.956, and 99.923%, respectively. Of all types of NTSs, only constructed wetland was found to meet the total coliform count requirements (<1000 per 100 ml). Of all the 108 NTSs in operation, 23 systems are producing treated effluents for irrigation; effluents from 48 systems are being discharged into river or lake, and remaining 38 systems have not found any designated use of treated effluent. The chlorination was the only post-treatment, which is being practiced at only three wastewater treatment facilities. During post-treatment, 1-2 ppm of chlorine is applied to the secondary effluent irrespective of its quality. The treated effluents from different NTSs contain fecal bacteria in the magnitude of 10(3) to 10(5), which may cause the severe health impacts through contamination of groundwater as well as surface water resources.

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“…In addition, NTSs have attracted attention of environmental engineers and scientists by the virtue of treating sewages and wastewaters at phenomenally low O&M costs and yet render higher degree of treatment as compared with conventional mechanised treatment systems (Brix, 1994;Zimmels et al, 2008;Rana et al, 2011;Symonds et al, 2014). Ideally, the use of natural treatment systems like constructed wetlands has potential in contributing to sustainability as they rely on non-energy processes that return nutrients to the surrounding environment (Chen et al, 2006;Muga and Mihelcic, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Significance of natural treatment systems to enhance reuse of treated effluent: A critical assessment

Kumar

Asolekar

2016

Ecological Engineering

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Application and features of cascade aquatic plants system for sewage treatment

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Characteristic Analysis of Plants for the Removal of Nutrients from a Constructed Wetland using Reclaimed Water

Characteristic Analysis of Plants for the Removal of Nutrients from a Constructed Wetland using Reclaimed Water

Post-treatment and reuse of secondary effluents using natural ltreatment systems: the Indian practices

Significance of natural treatment systems to enhance reuse of treated effluent: A critical assessment

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