Applicability of ZigBee technology to electric motor rotor measurements

Sarkimaki, V.; Tiainen, Risto; Lindh, Tuomo; Ahola, Jero

doi:10.1109/speedam.2006.1649759

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…If the symbol duration is much less than T c , the channel is considered as being stationary in practice. With a worst case f D ≈112 Hz, T c ≈8.9 msec, much larger than the chip duration 1 μsec and the DSSS symbol duration 32 μsec, suggesting that the Doppler effect is insignificant, as was similarly reasoned in [4].…”

Section: Channel Coherence Timementioning

confidence: 64%

“…Both studies did not mention transmission errors in their experiments. In [4], an IEEE 802.15.4-compatible wireless torque sensor was mounted on an electric motor spindle; its communication performance was measured by sending a series of 2-byte probe packets and counting the number of received probes at radial rotation speeds of 1.26 to 6.28 m/s. Very few packets were lost, and the paper concluded that the rotation induced no significant communication errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the presence of multipath signals, the Doppler effect applies to each path independently, resulting in a complex relationship usually characterized with the received power spectrum. In [4], based on the coherence time check, it was asserted that Doppler effects were negligible in its rotating wireless torque measurement system. Electromagnetic noise can be unintentionally emitted by industrial equipments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless sensors on rotating structures

Wang

Tang

Huang

2007

Proceedings of the Second ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation and Characterization

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Wireless sensors capable of sensing, processing, and wireless communication can be useful for many monitoring purposes. Wireless sensor network testbeds to date have not considered sensors placed on fast moving structures.Fast rotating structures are commonly found in mechanical and vehicular systems, and the challenges of using wireless sensors on such structures have not been adequately addressed. The paper presents a testbed built of wireless sensors affixed to the spindle of a computer controlled lathe.By examining sensor communication errors with respect to rotation speeds and sensor locations, the study revealed an eminent dependency of packet error rates on rotation speeds, burstiness of bit errors, periodic received signal strengths, and dominance of multipath effects in the testbed. The study found the effects of non-uniform antenna gains, machine noise, hardware stability, and automatic gain control to be insignificant. While analytic derivation of Doppler effects with simplified assumptions has shown it to be insignificant, their coupled effects in a multipath environment remain to be studied further.

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Section: Channel Coherence Timementioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless sensors on rotating structures

Wang

Tang

Huang

2007

Proceedings of the Second ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation and Characterization

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“…Wireless sensors are promising for replacing cables in monitoring systems and enabling flexible sensing over structures that are difficult to monitor with wired sensors. Rotating mechanical structures found in a wide range of mechanical, civil and vehicular systems are among such hard-to-reach structures with crucial monitoring importance (Miettien et al, 2002;Varghese et al, 2002;Dzapo et al, 2004;Sarkimaki et al, 2006). Such structures are often found in metallic enclosures that create harsh radio propagation conditions, causing frequent communication errors, low data throughput, unknown system reliability and performance variation dependent on sensor placement strategies (Sundararajan et al, 2005;Werb et al, 2005, Ota andWright, 2006;Tang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission error analysis and avoidance for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensors on rotating structures

Wang

Jacob

Tang

et al. 2009

IJSNET

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Wireless sensors are increasingly adopted in manufacturing and vehicular systems for monitoring critical components under continuous operation. Many such components move rapidly and frequently in metallic containments with challenging radio propagation characteristics. For wireless sensors mounted on rotating structures, previous experimental studies observed an eminent increase in packet transmission errors at higher rotation speeds. Such errors were found to occur at specific locations around the rotating spindle's periphery and such locations depended sensitively on sensor location and surrounding geometry. This paper analyses the expected packet error rates with different rotation speeds and error region distributions, and proposes a transmission error avoidance approach based on online error pattern inference and transmission time control for IEEE 802.15.4 compatible sensor radios. Simulation studies showed a 50% error reduction and up to 75% throughput increase; higher throughput gains are expected for applications with more frequent and larger size data transmissions.

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“…Based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard [1] , ZigBee wireless technology just fulfills the requirements, which is suited to industrial sensor networks for auto-control, security and intelligent home appliances [2][3][4][5][6][7] . For wider applications, the chip cost and power consumption must be drastically reduced [8,9] , the chip integrated into a small chip area with a low cost technology, as standard CMOS technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new low-cost demodulator for 2.4 GHz ZigBee receivers

Meng

Xiao

et al. 2009

J. Electron.(China)

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A new low-cost demodulator for ZigBee receivers satisfying requirements of IEEE802.15.4 standard is presented, which is designed for ISM 2.4 GHz band and based on Zero-IF receivers. This demodulator extracts symbols directly from baseband signal rather than recovering PN code chips, so its structure is simple. Two main techniques are used to improve the performance of demodulator. One is Phase-Axis Crossing Detector (PACD) which detects the phase correlation of baseband signal. The other is symbol synchronization and sampling clock correction algorithm. The result shows that this demodulator performance, Symbol Error Rate (SER) and Packet Error Rate (PER) meet IEEE 802.15.4TM standard requirements and the demodulator can handle frequency offset in excess of 200 kHz, involving a Zero-IF receiver with a Noise Figure (NF) lower than 17 dB, which is easily implemented in standard CMOS technology.

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Applicability of ZigBee technology to electric motor rotor measurements

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Wireless sensors on rotating structures

Wireless sensors on rotating structures

Transmission error analysis and avoidance for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensors on rotating structures

A new low-cost demodulator for 2.4 GHz ZigBee receivers

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