Applicability of annular‐source excited systems in quantitative XRF analysis

Bernasconi, Gabriel D.; Bamford, S.; Dosan, B.; Haselberger, N.; Markowicz, A.; Mahmoud, Abeer A.; Valković, V.

doi:10.1002/xrs.1300230205

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…the system is further equipped with a si (li) detector having a resolution of 170 eV for the 5.90 keV line, coupled to a computer controlled adCcard. Quantitative processing of the samples was done by the emission transmission (E-t) method (Bernasconi et al 1996, kump 1996, leroux & Mahmoud 1996. thick pure metal foils were used for sensitivity calibration of the system (ti, Fe, Co, ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, nb, Mo, sn, ta, Pb) and stable chemical compounds (k 2 Co 3 , CaCo 3 , Ce 2 o 3 , Wo 3 , tho 2 , u 3 o 8 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…thick pure metal foils were used for sensitivity calibration of the system (ti, Fe, Co, ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, nb, Mo, sn, ta, Pb) and stable chemical compounds (k 2 Co 3 , CaCo 3 , Ce 2 o 3 , Wo 3 , tho 2 , u 3 o 8 ). sample spectra were collected for 3000 s with the 109 Cd source and their evaluation done with the AXIL-QXAS program (Bernasconi 1996). data analysis -diversity indices were calculated using Past for windows statistical software (hammer et al 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green algal interactions with physicochemical parameters of some manmade ponds in Zaria, northern Nigeria

et al. 2011

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-(Green algal interactions with physicochemical parameters of some manmade ponds in Zaria, northern nigeria). Green algal species and their association with physicochemical parameters in some manmade ponds in Zaria, nigeria were studied from november 2005 to august 2006. Phytoplankton and water samples were collected, preserved and analyzed using standard methods. a total of 27 green algal species divided into 16 families were recorded. shannon diversity indices ranged from 1.75 to 2.39 in all ponds, dominance index from 0.14 to 0.23 and species evenness 0.56 to 0.64. Closterium sp. and Rhizoclonium hookeri kuetz. were positively associated with the concentration of Fe, however they were negatively correlated (sensitive) to alkalinity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Stichococcus bacillaris naegeli, Staurastrum rotula nordst. and Sphaeroplea sp. had significant positive relationship with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Mn, and Mo levels in the water. Pseudouvella americana (snow) Wille. and Scenedesmus quadricauda (turp.) de Bréb. showed a close positive association with alkalinity but were sensitive to Fe, Bod, Mn and Mo. the species reported here showed closed association with physicochemical factors in these ponds.key words -Chlorophyta, diversity, ecology, lenthic water bodies, trace metals RESUMO -(Interação de algas verdes com parâmetros físico-químicos em lagoas artificiais em Zaria, Norte da Nigéria). As espécies de algas verdes e sua associação com parâmetros físico-químicos em lagoas artificiais de Zaria, Nigéria foram estudados entre novembro de 2005 e agosto de 2006. As amostras de fitoplâncton e de água foram coletadas, preservadas e analisadas usando métodos padrões. Foram registradas um total de 27 espécies de algas verdes divididas em 16 famílias. os indices de diversidade de shannon variaram de 1,75 a 2,39 em todas as lagoas; índice de dominância de 0,14 a 0,23 e a eqüidade de espécies de 0,56 a 0,64. Closterium sp. e Rhizoclonium hookeri kuetz. foram associados positivamente com a concentração de Fe, porém eles foram correlacionados negativamente (sensíveis) à alcalinidade, condutividade elétrica e sólidos totais dissolvidos. as espécies Stichococcus bacillaris naegeli, Staurastrum rotula nordst. e Sphaeroplea sp. tiveram relação positiva e significativa com a demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, e com os níveis de Mn e Mo na água. Pseudouvella americana (snow) Wille. e Scenedesmus quadricauda (turp.) de Bréb. mostraram estreita associação positiva com a alcalinidade, mas foram sensíveis ao Fe, dBo, Mn e Mo. as espécies relatadas aqui apresentaram associação próxima com fatores físico-químicos nessas lagoas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green algal interactions with physicochemical parameters of some manmade ponds in Zaria, northern Nigeria

et al. 2011

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“…However, because of a broad geometry, evaluation of the angles is not a trivial task and can be done either theoretically or experimentally. 20,21 A flexible Monte Carlo procedure was proposed 8 to calculate the effective incident and take-off angles as a function of the sample composition and thickness. The same method was used to calculate a distribution of the excitation-detection efficiency and a total efficiency of a radioisotope-excited XRF setup which appeared to be extremely useful in the design and optimisation of a portable and laboratory XRF spectrometer.…”

Section: Methodological Developments In Xrf Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimisation of the geometry of the setups was done by using a Monte Carlo method applied for calculation of a spatial distribution and total excitation-detection efficiency. 8 Finally, two types of portable XRF spectrometer were constructed: (i) based on an Si-PIN detector and 55 Fe and 109 Cd excitation and (ii) based on a CdZnTe detector and 241 Am excitation. The former was used for the determination of elements with low and medium energy of the characteristic x-rays and the latter for higher energy x-rays.…”

Section: Development Of Xrf Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Training programmes at the XRF Laboratory provide an opportunity not only for developing practical skills on XRF methodology and instrumentation but also to take part in research and development towards MSc and PhD degrees. Often the research projects included in the training programmes help to develop analytical procedures for special applications or to contribute to methodological advancement 1,6,8,12,19,26,29,36,37.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Activities in the IAEA X‐ray fluorescence laboratory at Seibersdorf

et al. 2006

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This paper describes the specific philosophy behind the functioning of the IAEA XRF Laboratory at Seibersdorf and its role in the XRF community. Some examples of the research and development activities and the results obtained are given. They include methodological development and construction of XRF instruments in order to extend the applicability range of the XRF technique, particularly in support of applications of the analytical technique in developing IAEA member states. The contribution of the laboratory to the training in methodology and applications of XRF techniques and to development of QA/QC procedures is also emphasised.

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Geometrical influence on Hg determination in wet sediment using K‐shell fluorescence analysis

Krapohl

González

et al. 2022

X-Ray Spectrometry

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To quickly identify maritime sites polluted by heavy metal contaminants, reductions in the size of instrumentation have made it possible to bring an Xray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer into the field and in direct contact with various samples. The choice of source-sample-detector geometry plays an important role in minimizing the Compton scattering noise and achieving a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in XRF measurement conditions, especially for analysis of wet sediments. This paper presents the influence of geometrical factors on a prototype, designed for in situ XRF analysis of mercury (Hg) in wet sediments using a 57 Co excitation source and an X-ray spectrometer. The unique XRF penetrometer prototype has been constructed and tested for maritime wet sediment. The influence on detection efficiency and SNR of various geometrical arrangements have been investigated using the combination of Monte Carlo simulations and laboratory experiments. Instrument calibration was performed for Hg analysis by means of prepared wet sediments with the XRF prototype. The presented results show that it is possible to detect Hg by K-shell emission, thus enabling XRF analysis for underwater sediments. Consequently, the XRF prototype has the potential to be applied as an environmental screening tool for analysis of polluted sediments with relatively high concentrations (e.g., >2880 ppm for Hg), which would benefit in situ monitoring of maritime pollution caused by heavy metals.

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Applicability of annular‐source excited systems in quantitative XRF analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Green algal interactions with physicochemical parameters of some manmade ponds in Zaria, northern Nigeria

Green algal interactions with physicochemical parameters of some manmade ponds in Zaria, northern Nigeria

Activities in the IAEA X‐ray fluorescence laboratory at Seibersdorf

Geometrical influence on Hg determination in wet sediment using K‐shell fluorescence analysis

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