Apple Scion and Rootstock Contribute to Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning under Different Belowground Environments

Valverdi, Nadia A.; Cheng, Lailiang; Kalcsits, Lee

doi:10.3390/agronomy9080415

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Valverdi at al. [59] reported a significant variation of K, iron, and molybdenum uptake in the apple rootstocks G890, G41, M9, and B9 in response to the soil acidity.…”

Section: Influence Of Soil Acidity (Soil Ph)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Essential Role of Potassium in Apple and Its Implications for Management of Orchard Fertilization

Кузин

Solovchenko

2021

Plants

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K (K) is of paramount importance for apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), not only for tree growth and development but also for the size and quality of fruit yield. The apple plant’s demand for K varies, along with the progression of phenological phases, during the growing season. The K demand peaks during ripening of fruits featuring relatively high concentration of K comparable to that of the leaves. The mainstream method of apple tree K fertilization is through application of the fertilizer to the soils to improve K uptake by the roots. The bioavailability of K depends on assorted various factors, including pH, interaction with other nutrients in soil solution, temperature, and humidity. An important role in making the K from soil available for uptake by plants is played by plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), and the specific role of the PGPM is discussed. Advantages of fertigation (the combination of irrigation and fertilization) as an approach include allowing to balance application rate of K fertilizer against its variable demand by plants during the growing season. Excess K in the soil leads to competitive inhibition of calcium uptake by plants. The K-dependent deficiency of Ca leads to its predominant channeling to the leaves and hence to its decline in fruits. Consequently, the apple fruits affected by the K/Ca imbalance frequently develop physiological disorders in storage. This emphasizes the importance of the balanced K application, especially during the last months of the growing season, depending on the crop load and the actual K demand. The potential use of modern approaches to automated crop load estimation through machine vision for adjustment of K fertilization is underlined.

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“…Valverdi at al. [59] reported a significant variation of K, iron, and molybdenum uptake in the apple rootstocks G890, G41, M9, and B9 in response to the soil acidity.…”

Section: Influence Of Soil Acidity (Soil Ph)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Essential Role of Potassium in Apple and Its Implications for Management of Orchard Fertilization

Кузин

Solovchenko

2021

Plants

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“…The underlying molecular mechanisms by which the rootstock controls scion growth and properties in Rosaceae remain largely unknown. Research has focused mainly on anatomical features, hormonal interactions, and nutrient transport across graft union ( Sorce et al, 2002 ; Zamorskyi, 2011 ; Valverdi et al, 2019 ). Some preliminary studies aimed to identify miRNAs from vascular tissue and phloem sap that are possibly involved in long-distance signaling and modulation of expression and movement of mRNA targets ( Varkonyi-Gasic et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Graft-induced Transcriptional Reprogramming and Epigenetic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment

Kapazoglou¹,

Tani

Avramidou³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant grafting is an ancient agricultural practice widely employed in crops such as woody fruit trees, grapes, and vegetables, in order to improve plant performance. Successful grafting requires the interaction of compatible scion and rootstock genotypes. This involves an intricate network of molecular mechanisms operating at the graft junction and associated with the development and the physiology of the scion, ultimately leading to improved agricultural characteristics such as fruit quality and increased tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. Bidirectional transfer of molecular signals such as hormones, nutrients, proteins, and nucleic acids from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa have been well documented. In recent years, studies on rootstock-scion interactions have proposed the existence of an epigenetic component in grafting reactions. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules are known to modulate chromatin architecture, leading to gene expression changes and impacting cellular function. Mobile small RNAs (siRNAs) migrating across the graft union from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa mediate modifications in the DNA methylation pattern of the recipient partner, leading to altered chromatin structure and transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, graft-induced DNA methylation changes and gene expression shifts in the scion have been associated with variations in graft performance. If these changes are heritable they can lead to stably altered phenotypes and affect important agricultural traits, making grafting an alternative to breeding for the production of superior plants with improved traits. However, most reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying this process comprise studies related to vegetable grafting. In this review we will provide a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the epigenetic changes and transcriptional reprogramming associated with the rootstock–scion interaction focusing on woody plant species, including the recent findings arising from the employment of advanced—omics technologies as well as transgrafting methodologies and their potential exploitation for generating superior quality grafts in woody species. Furthermore, will discuss graft—induced heritable epigenetic changes leading to novel plant phenotypes and their implication to woody crop improvement for yield, quality, and stress resilience, within the context of climate change.

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“…Under normal conditions, leaves have significantly higher Ca concentrations than fruit tissue [43] and will continue to accumulate Ca throughout the season [169]. Nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruit vary across species and among cultivars [170][171][172][173] and responses to fertilizers may also vary among rootstocks and scions [174,175].…”

Section: Calcium Distribution Among Roots Leaves and Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Achievements and New Research Opportunities for Optimizing Macronutrient Availability, Acquisition, and Distribution for Perennial Fruit Crops

et al. 2020

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Tree responses to fertilizer management are complex and are influenced by the interactions between the environment, other organisms, and the combined genetics of composite trees. Increased consumer awareness of the environmental impact of agriculture has stimulated research toward increasing nutrient-use efficiency, improving environmental sustainability, and maximizing quality. Here, we highlight recent advancements and identify knowledge gaps in nutrient dynamics across the soil–rhizosphere–tree continuum for fruit crops. Beneficial soil management practices can enhance nutrient uptake and there has been significant progress in the understanding of how roots, microorganisms, and soil interact to enhance nutrient acquisition in the rhizosphere. Characterizing root architecture, in situ, still remains one of the greatest research challenges in perennial fruit research. However, the last decade has advanced the characterization of root nutrient uptake and transport in plants but studies in tree fruit crops have been limited. Calcium, and its balance relative to other macronutrients, has been a primary focus for mineral nutrient research because of its important contributions to the development of physiological disorders. However, annual elemental redistribution makes these interactions complex. The development of new approaches for measuring nutrient movement in soil and plant systems will be critical for achieving sustainable production of high-quality fruit in the future.

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Apple Scion and Rootstock Contribute to Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning under Different Belowground Environments

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Essential Role of Potassium in Apple and Its Implications for Management of Orchard Fertilization

Essential Role of Potassium in Apple and Its Implications for Management of Orchard Fertilization

Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment

Recent Achievements and New Research Opportunities for Optimizing Macronutrient Availability, Acquisition, and Distribution for Perennial Fruit Crops

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