Apple pomace silage ethanol intake and its effect on sheep

Abstract

Two experiments were undertaken to investigate the feeding effect of alcoholic apple pomace silages (APSs) on performance traits, ruminal pH and blood variables in sheep. In experiment 1, four ewes were fed alfalfa hay cube and either APS (ethanol content was 33.4 g /kg DM) or concentrate (control) at a ratio of 30:70 of TDN requirement for maintenance and daily 100g gain in a 2×2 crossover design over two 35-day periods. Total body weight gain was higher in control treatment. No significant treatment effect was observed for TDN intake and ruminal pH. Plasma concentrations of ethanol, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were increased after feeding APS. Plasma insulin, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were not significantly differ between the treatments. The area upper or under curves (AUCs)of plasma ethanol and BHBA were greater and lactate was tended to greater in APS treatment. In experiment 2, low and high ethanol contained APSs (L-APS, 44.1g and H-APS, 66.9 g of ethanol/kg DM) were compared in the same design (Experiment 1). No significant treatment effect was observed for body weight gain and TDN intake. Prefeeding ruminal pH was lower in L-APS treatment. Insulin concentration was slightly higher in L-APS treatment. However, no significant treatment effect was detected for other variables. According to the consistent increase in plasma ethanol, lactate and BHBA, and the plasma AUCs response of ethanol, lactate and BHBA after feeding of alcoholic-fermented APSs, it would be concluded that APS ethanol consumption affect the post prandial blood metabolism as well as influenced the plasma lactate and BHBA concentrations in the blood.

Investigation in terms of digestive values, silages quality and nutrient content of the using pomegranate pomace in the ensiling of apple pomace with high moisture contents

“…This result can be connected with an organic acid and easy soluble carbohydrates profile of the fresh-wet apple pomace. Therefore, the lactic acid and acetic acid values for apple pomace silages reported by Islam et al (2014) were higher than those of present study.…”

“…used to reach an ideal silage property (Kara 2015). In addition, DM content of APS was similar to results of fermented apple pomace which was ensilaged fresh apple pomace for two months in an anaerobic condition of Islam et al (2014). In the present study, the mixture silage of pomegranate pomace and apple pomace (50:50, as wet basis) (PAPS) reached DM value, which was higher than 20%.…”

“…Besides, pH value also changes depending on end products of silage fermentation. The silage pH value of APS was parallel with a previous study (Islam et al 2014). Desired pH value in appropriate silage for maize silage was range from 3.80 to 4.10 (Baytok et al 2005;Dolezal et al 2008).…”

Effect of apple pomace silage on blood parameters in Suffolk ewe

“…After ingestion of APSs, plasma ethanol and BHBA concentrations were increased. Such increasing tendency has been reported by Kristensen et al (2007) and these findings were also similar with our previous findings (Islam et al 2014a(Islam et al , 2014b(Islam et al and 2018). The higher level of dietary ethanol ingestion significantly influenced the plasma ethanol concentration which was indicated by the greater AUC level for L-APS and H-APS.…”

“…Ensiling could be one of the best methods of preserving AP and blended with other ingredients make it nutritionally balanced that could be a good feed source for ruminant (Islam et al 2018). Ethanol is one of the most important intermediates formed during fermentation of silage and fermented feed for ruminants which was found in the previous works; such as corn silages (McDonald et al 1991;Raun and Kristensen, 2010), grass silages (Lawrence et al 2011), ensiled TMR (full) silages (Cummins et al 2009), sugarcane silage (Daniel et al 2013) and APS (full) (Islam et al 2018(Islam et al , 2014a(Islam et al and 2014bKondo et al 2010;Alibes et al 1984). Excess alcohol intake may result in increased alcohol load in the liver (Jean-Blain et al 1992) and followed by hours of elevated peripheral concentrations of alcohol (Kristensen et al 2007).…”