(±)-Applanatumines B–D: novel dimeric meroterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum as inhibitors of JAK3

Abstract

Applanatumines B–D (1–3), three pairs of dimeric meroterpenoid enantiomers featuring the presence of a 6-oxo-4,4a,5,5a,6,8,8a,8b-octahydrofuro[3′,4′:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-b]pyran-3-carbaldehyde structure core, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum.

(±)-Spiroganoapplanin A, a complex polycyclic meroterpenoid dimer from Ganoderma applanatum displaying potential against Alzheimer's disease

“…Diels-Alder or hetero-Diels-Alder reactions are well known to play key roles in the construction of complex natural products, especially terpenoid dimers. 25 Until now, more than 20 GM dimers have been isolated from Ganoderma genus, [26][27][28][29][30][31] and the majority of them are believed to arise through the dimerization involving the Diels-Alder reaction. 27,31 While the key tetrahydro-2H-pyan ring of (±)-spiroganoapplanin A (1) is produced by a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of two molecules of the formicin D-derived intermediate I (Scheme S1 †), subsequent oxidation and cyclization also play significant roles in the formation of key intermediates and the novel molecular architecture of 1.…”

Natural Enantiomers: Occurrence, Biogenesis and Biological Properties

“…were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis [282]. Also from G. applanatum, Cheng and coworkers separated three pairs of dimeric hydroquinone-monoterpenoid enantiomers 586a/586b−588a/588b [283]. Two types of meroterpenoid heterodimer enantiomers (589a/589b & 590a/590b; 591a/591b-593a/593b) from G. cochlear were reported by the same authors from Cheng's group, and their abs.…”

Perovskite‐Solar‐Cell‐Powered Integrated Fuel Conversion and Energy‐Storage Devices

“…As shown in Figure 3a, for the separated devices, PSC-metal battery integrated device is taken as an example, and the perovskite layer absorbs photons and generates excitons (electronhole pairs) under illumination. [8] Due of the low-exciton binding energy of perovskite materials, electrons and holes separate to form free carriers. Electrons and holes transfer in opposite directions and flow into the anode and cathode of a metal battery, respectively.…”

“…[6,7] As a renewable energy resource, solar energy has exceptional advantages of cleanness, sustainability, and abundance, which has great potential in the green future. [8,9] Direct conversion of solar energy into electricity is recognized as one of the most effective and sustainable methods. [10][11][12] In the past few decades, intensive efforts have been devoted to promoting the development of solar cells.…”