In a group of well-nourished, normal-weight Chinese men following low-vitamin A diets, 4.5 mg spirulina beta-carotene consumed with 22 g fat has the same vitamin A activity as does 1 mg retinyl acetate.

Metal halide hybrid perovskites solar cell (PSCs) have received considerable attention over the past decade owing to their potential for low‐cost, solution‐processable, earth‐abundant, and high‐performance superiority, increasing power conversion efficiencies of up to 25.7%. Solar energy conversion into electricity is highly efficient and sustainable, but direct utilisation, storage, and poor energy diversity are difficult to achieve, resulting in a potential waste of resources. Considering its convenience and feasibility, converting solar energy into chemical fuels is regarded as a promising pathway for boosting energy diversity and expanding its utilisation. In addition, the energy conversion‐storage integrated system can efficiently sequentially capture, convert, and store energy in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, a comprehensive overview focusing on PSC‐self‐driven integrated devices with a discussion of their development and limitations remains lacking. In this review, we focus on the development of representative configurations of emerging PSCs‐based photo‐electrochemical devices including self‐charging power packs, unassisted solar water splitting/CO2 reduction. We also summarise the advanced progress in this field, including configuration design, key parameters, working principles, integration strategies, electrode materials, and their performance evaluations. Finally, scientific challenges and future perspectives for ongoing research in this field are presented.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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