Apparent Natural Infection of Coturnix Quail Hens with the Virus of Avian Encephalomyelitis: Case Report

Hill, Richard W.; Raymond, R. G.

doi:10.2307/1587863

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…29 • 32 Signs of avian encephalomyelitis were typical of the disease in other avian species and occurred only in young chicks under 4 weeks of age. 33 Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus caused tremors, partial paralysis, and depression that rapidly progressed to complete paralysis, torticollis, and death within a few hours. The disease spread rap- idly, causing 40 per cent to 90 per cent mortality in all groups of birds over 2 weeks of age.…”

Section: Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of Quail

Barnes

1987

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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An increasing number and variety of quail are being kept for food production, experimental use, release on hunting preserves, preservation of endangered species, zoological display, and as companion birds. Quail are susceptible to a variety of noninfectious, infectious, and parasitic diseases. Because they are related to chickens and turkeys, many of the diseases in quail are similar to those in poultry. In this article, the diagnostic characteristics of diseases affecting quail are presented along with information on their prevention, control, and treatment.

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Section: Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of Quail

Barnes

1987

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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“…Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) was first diagnosed and classified as a neurotropic viral infection of young chicks in 1934, and then reported in pheasents, quails and turkeys (Mathey, 1955;Hill & Raymond, 1962;Hohlstein et al, 1970;Deshmukh et al, 1971;Calnek et al, 1997). Pigeons, ducklings and guinea fowls could be infected experimentally (Mathey, 1955;Calnek et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian encephalomyelitis in naturally infected pigeons in Turkey

Toplu

Alçiğir

2004

Avian Pathology

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The pathological and immunohistochemical findings of avian encephalomyelitis (AE) were described in various tissues of naturally infected pigeons of a flock from a outbreak in Turkey. Clinically, paresis, paralysis, circling movement and torticollis of the head associated with nervous signs were marked symptoms among the diseased pigeons. At necropsy, small or large white Á /greyish foci were detected in the pancreas, and erosive-ulcerative foci along with petechial hemorrhages in ingluves. Histopathologically, lesions in central nervous system, particularly in the cerebullum molecular layer, consisted of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis. Lesions in the pancreas revealed non-suppurative pancreatitis along with acinar degeneration and necrosis and/or lymphoid aggregations. Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues was performed using a direct-fluorescein antibody technique with chicken anti-AE virus serum flourescein isothiocyanate conjugate. Viral antigen was strongly stained in cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the exocrin glands, and neurons of the cerebral hemispheres and midbrain. In addition, viral antigen was also marked in the kidneys and tissues of the digestive system. Consequently, this article is, to our knowledge, the first report of natural AE in pigeons.

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“…Quail as a definitive host is able to be infected by many pathogens (WETHERBEE, 1958;HILL and RAYMOND, 1962;RAUSCHER et al, 1962;WENT-WORTH and MELLEN, 1963;EDGAR et al, 1964;BIGLAND et al, 1965; CUNDY, creasing quantities of streptomycin, starting with 0.005 g and ending by one g streptomycin per litre broth, then subcultured on brilliant green streptomycin agar plates (brilliant green agar containing one g streptomycin per litre).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)¹

Awaad

Hafez

El‐Dimerdash

et al. 1981

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary Japanese quail were successfully infected with a strain of streptomycin‐resistant Salmonella gallinarum, either orally or through egg‐dipping. Depression, drooping of wings, huddling together, transient diarrhoea, lateral deviation of head and neck, hyperexcitability, paresis, and moving backward were the clinical signs observed, together with lesions of subcutaneous haemorrhages, congestion, and haemorrhages in parenchymatous organs. Misshapen, discoloured pedunculated cystic egg follicles were recorded in hens surviving the infection. The organism was shed with the faeces from 80% and 40% of the orally infected quail chicks examined two and four hours, respectively, after infection but no organisms could be detected in 1,025 faecal swabs collected later. Studying the cycle of infection of Salmonella gallinarum in Japanese quail, the agent was isolated at a rate of 2.3% and 0.8% from the yolk sacs of eggs of orally infected and egg‐infected adult birds, respectively. This result confirms that Salmonella gallinarum infection is transmitted vertically in Japanese quail in a similar way to that in chickens. Contrary to the situation in chickens, serodiagnosis with the commonly used stained antigen, rapid whole blood agglutination and microagglutination tests was unable to detect Salmonella gallinarum carriers in Coturnix coturnix Japonica. Using Coturnix quail as laboratory animals, especially under SPF‐conditions, and also for breeding purposes, it should be kept in mind that negative serodiagnosis of Salmonella gallinarum infection with the tests mentioned is insufficient proof that the flock is free of this agent. Zusammenfassung Einige epidemiologische Aspekte im Hinblick auf die S. gallinarum‐Infektion der japanischen Wachtel Japanische Wachteln wurden entweder oral oder als Bruteier im Tauchverfahren mit einem Stamm Streptomycin‐resistenter Salmonella gallinarum infiziert. Klinische Anzeichen der Infektion waren Depression, vorübergehende Diarrhoe, hängende Flügel, Torticollis, Übererregbarkeit, Paresen und Rückwärtsbewegung. Des weiteren waren subkutane Hämorrhagien sowie Blutfülle und Hämorrhagien in den inneren Organen nachweisbar. In Wachteln, die die Infektion überlebten, wurden mißgestaltete, verfärbte und gestielte Eifollikel beobachtet. Zwei bzw. vier Stunden p. i. wurde der Salmonella gallinarum‐Stamm im Kot von 80% bzw. 40% der oral infizierten Wachteln nachgewiesen. Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt gelang der Nachweis des Erregers in Faeces nicht mehr. In 2,3% bzw. 0,8% der untersuchten Fälle wurde das Bakterium aus den Dottersäcken von Eiern oral bzw. Ei‐infizierter Wachteln isoliert. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen, daß Salmonella gallinarum — wie bei Hühnern — bei Wachteln vertikal über das Ei übertragen wird. Im Gegensatz zu den Verhältnissen beim Huhn war es bei den infizierten Wachteln nicht möglich, Salmonella gallinarum‐Träger mit den üblichen serologischen Testverfahren wie Schnellblutagglutination und Mikroagglutinationstest zu ermitteln. Bei Verwendung von japanischen Wachteln für die Zuc...

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Apparent Natural Infection of Coturnix Quail Hens with the Virus of Avian Encephalomyelitis: Case Report

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Diseases of Quail

Diseases of Quail

Avian encephalomyelitis in naturally infected pigeons in Turkey

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)¹

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Apparent Natural Infection of Coturnix Quail Hens with the Virus of Avian Encephalomyelitis: Case Report

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Diseases of Quail

Diseases of Quail

Avian encephalomyelitis in naturally infected pigeons in Turkey

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)1

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Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)¹