Apparent Experimental Confirmation of Pseudoprotons and Their Application to New Clean Nuclear Energies

Santilli, Ruggero Maria

doi:10.17706/ijapm.2019.9.2.72-100

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Авторы признательны члену-корреспонденту РАН Балакиреву В. Ф. за инициирование темы исследования и обсуждение результатов работы. Авторы благодарны профессору Р. М. Сантилли за возможность ознакомления с результатами статьи [9] до ее опубликования. / The authors are grateful to V. F. Balakirev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science, for initiating a research topic and discussing the results of the work.…”

Section: заключениеunclassified

“…/ The authors are grateful to V. F. Balakirev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science, for initiating a research topic and discussing the results of the work. The authors are grateful to Professor R. M. Santilli for the opportunity to get acquainted with the results of [9] before its publication.…”

Section: заключениеmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…При этом фундаментальную роль играет прояснение механизма захвата энергии электронами в условиях действия внешнего источника энергии. Действительно, как подчеркивается в [5], эксперимент показывает, что синтез нейтронов начинается, если напряжение между электродами в водородном газе превышает 3 кВ, при энергии разряда выше 1 Дж, или при мощности разряда, превышающей 3 кВт (в [9] пороговая энергия разряда оценивается в 300 Дж). Поскольку адронная механика [3] позволяет добиться обобщения гильбертова пространства состояний системы таким образом, чтобы включить в рассмотрение внешние источники энергии, в [5,9] предложена гипотеза, допускающая при интерпретации реакций использование вместо нейтрино частицы «эфирино» а, несущей требуемую для синтеза нейтрона дополнительную энергию (≈ 0.3 МэВ):…”

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“…Отметим, наконец, что в [9] возможность протекания низкоэнергетических ядерных реакций синтеза связывается с возможностью поглощения не только псевдопротонов, но и псевдоядер, отрицательный заряд которых снимает проблему преодоления кулоновского барьера при слиянии с обычным ядром. Хотя формирование псевдоядер, по крайней мере, в условиях, типичных для плазменного электролиза воды [4], представляется проблематичным, пополнение арсенала физических моделей, направленных на выяснение механизма низкоэнергетических ядерных реакций, является позитивным фактором.…”

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On the mechanisms of bismuth transmutation in a BiPb melt under the influence of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses

Кащенко

2019

Lett. Mater.

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The effect of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses on the bismuth-lead melt allowed us to establish an increase in the proportion of lead due to the transformation of Bi → Pb. An electronic capture was assumed as a probable transition mechanism. The presence of isotopes Bi210m, Bi208, Bi207 in the initial samples was assumed too. However, the capture of an electron is characteristic only for Bi208, Bi207. Natural bismuth is represented by the isotope Bi209. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the transformations of this isotope. It is assumed that the leading role in the transformation is played by the vapor phase. It is shown that in the presence of water vapor, an increase in the melt mass Δm > 0 is possible both due to the interaction of Bi209 nuclei with "quasineutrons" (including "neutroids" of Santilli and "hydrino" of Mills) as well as with "pseudoprotons" and "protoids" (the last two terms refer to the bound states of a proton with two electrons). The sizes of the bound states are substantially smaller than the Bohr radius R B . The increment of the lead fraction occurs due to the isotope Pb210. On the contrary, the intensification of α-decays under conditions of electromagnetic pulsed exposure should be accompanied by an increase in the fraction of lead due to the Pb206 isotope and a decrease in the mass of the melt. Under the conditions of isolation of the melt from water vapor, the melt mass loss Δm < 0 can be expected due to α-radiation from the Bi209 nuclei with subsequent volatilization of helium and accumulation of the isotope Tl205. The decay of nuclei occurs due to the intensification of the tunnel effect. In this case, one should not expect an increase in the share of lead due to the Pb207 isotope. It is important that the assessment of Δm ~ 0.1 g for real experiments indicates the possibility of its reliable measurement. In conclusion, the research perspectives are briefly discussed.

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Section: заключениеunclassified

Section: заключениеmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the mechanisms of bismuth transmutation in a BiPb melt under the influence of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses

Кащенко

2019

Lett. Mater.

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“…Конечно, появление Be 9 , скорее всего, связано с процессом синтеза -реакцией поглощения протона при взаимодействии Be 8 с квазинейтроном [9]. Полезно напомнить, что понятие квазинейтрона охватывает широкий набор состояний от нейтрона по Сантилли [10,13,14] до гидрино Миллса [15,16]. Однако, не исключено, что, несмотря на полуцелый спин, Be 9 участвует в распаде возбужденных Zn 66 и Zn 67 , приводя к вкладу в содержание изотопов Fe 57 и Fe 58 .…”

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Transmutation of a part of the extracted material of brass electrodes with pulses of electric current in an aqueous solution of NaCl

et al. 2020

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In the electroplasma version of the electrolysis of water and aqueous solutions of salts, synthesis of a fairly wide range of chemical elements is observed. In the original installation, the erosion of the electrodes is not significant and the main contribution to the formation of chemical elements precipitated as a solid powder is their synthesis from the substances in the solution. On the contrary, in the simplified installation proposed for demonstrating the synthesis of elements, the erosion of the electrodes is significant. Therefore, it is considered that only elements (from the solid sediment) that are not included in the composition of electrodes are synthesized. Тo build up the experimental database, systematize and analyze them, we collected a simplified experimental set-up that allows for pulsed electrical discharges in water and aqueous salt solutions using an oscillatory circuit tuned to resonance with a supply voltage (220 V, 50 Hz). Aqueous solution of NaCl with a concentration of 0.1 g / l was used in this experiment. Brass was used as the material of the hollow tubular electrodes. The starting potential difference was 560 V. The gap between the electrodes was 0.7 mm. The electrodes were arranged vertically. Between the upper and lower vessels, the water moved by itself. Each series of discharges was accompanied by the appearance of a portion of a liquid of dark (black) color with subsequent precipitation. The analysis of the sediment showed that along with the products of simple erosion of the electrodes (Cu and Zn), there are synthesized elements (Mg, Si, S, Al, Fe and several others), which confirms the known data. In addition, spherical particles (with diameters of up to 1 μm) have been identified as the main component of which is Fe. The appearance of such particles most likely indicates the possibility of extracting the material from the region of local melting of the electrodes accompanied by copper and zinc transmutations. A discussion of the mechanism of transmutation shows that a significant difference in the isotopic composition of iron from the natural one can be expected.

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Formation of massive electron pairs as a necessary condition for low-temperature nuclear fusion and the existence of a new state of matter

Кащенко

2022

Laser Physics, Photonic Technologies, and Molecular Modeling

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Apparent Experimental Confirmation of Pseudoprotons and Their Application to New Clean Nuclear Energies

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

On the mechanisms of bismuth transmutation in a BiPb melt under the influence of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses

On the mechanisms of bismuth transmutation in a BiPb melt under the influence of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses

Transmutation of a part of the extracted material of brass electrodes with pulses of electric current in an aqueous solution of NaCl

Formation of massive electron pairs as a necessary condition for low-temperature nuclear fusion and the existence of a new state of matter

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