“…The first acceleration of relativistic heavy ion beams occurred at Princeton in 1971 (White et al, 1971; Isaila et al, 1972), followed by the BEVALAC at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, formerly Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI), the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, Japan, and additional accelerator facilities in Europe and Asia. An active program is currently underway at NSRL, and a future program at higher energy, above 10 GeV/n, is planned at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Durante et al, 2007; Stohlker et al, 2015; Sihver, 2008; Chattopadhyay, 2014; Heuser, 2013). …”