Aporrectodea caliginosa, a suitable earthworm species for field based genotoxicity assessment?

Oxidative and genotoxic effects of 900MHz electromagnetic fields in the earthworm Eisenia fetida

“…Values of the DNA damage measured in this study by the Comet assay in the coelomocytes of control earthworms are in high concordance with the data obtained previously for coelomocytes of E. fetida (Bonnard et al, 2009;Hu et al, 2010;Klobučar et al, 2011;Li et al, 2009) which confirms the validity of the applied Comet assay protocol. Moreover, Comet assay data reported for E. fetida exposed to genotoxicants in Klobučar et al (2011) were obtained using the same protocol as here and response to genotoxicants was in the similar order of magnitude as response to RF-EMF, thus affirming relevance of obtained results.…”

“…Immediately after the isolation coelomocytes in PBS were placed on ice. Comet assay was performed on coelomocytes in PBS of eight animals per treatment according to the basic procedure of Singh et al (1988) with slight modifications, described in detail in Klobučar et al (2011). Briefly, after 1 h of lysis the slides with cells embedded in agarose sandwich were subjected to 15 min of denaturation in the high alkaline buffer (pH413).…”

Pesticides and earthworms. A review

“…2007;Klobučar et al 2011;Svendsen et al 2004) and (5) sub-cellular morphology and histological alterations may be observed following exposure to pesticides (Dittbrenner et al 2011;Venkateswara et al 2003).…”

“…The bibliographic review (Table 1) shows that: (1) pesticides can cause DNA damage in earthworms; two methods can be used to demonstrate DNA damage: the micronucleus test and Comet assay, the latter being much more sensitive than the former (Casabé et al 2007;Klobučar et al 2011), (2) pesticides disrupt the activity level of enzymes involved in oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase (Booth and O'Halloran 2001;Schreck et al 2008Schreck et al , 2012Wang et al 2012), (3) pesticides, in particular organophosphate insecticides, affect the activity of carboxylesterases (Sanchez-Hernandez and Wheelock 2009) and the activity of cholinesterase (Booth and O'Hollaran 2001;Collange et al 2010;Denoyelle et al 2007;Gambi et al 2007;Hackenberger et al 2008;Jordaan et al 2012;Olvera-Velona et al 2008;Rault et al 2007;Schreck et al 2008;Venkateswara et al 2003),(4) earthworm lysosomal membrane stability, measured using the neutral red retention test, can be altered by pesticides (Booth et al 2001a, b;Casabé et al 2007;Gambi and al. 2007;Klobučar et al 2011;Svendsen et al 2004) and (5) sub-cellular morphology and histological alterations may be observed following exposure to pesticides (Dittbrenner et al 2011;Venkateswara et al 2003).…”

Important Issues in Ecotoxicological Investigations Using Earthworms

“…Also, along with the usage of standardized toxicity tests, the application of model microcosmic systems, which enable more realistic conditions of earthworm exposure to pollutants, is gradually increasing (Reinecke and Reinecke 2007;Santos et al 2011a, b;Wu et al 2012;Velki et al 2014;etc.). In addition, besides the usage of Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei, commonly used species in laboratory experiments that are usually ecologically not relevant in the environment, the importance and necessity of usage of other earthworm species has been recognized and effects of pollutants to earthworm species from all ecological categories (epigeic, endogeic and anecic) are being investigated (LaCourse et al 2009;van Gestel et al 2009;Ellis et al 2010;Tripathi et al 2010a, b;Vejares et al 2010;Calisi et al 2011;Dittbrenner et al 2011;Kılıç 2011;Klobučar et al 2011;Hackenberger 2012, 2013a;Calisi et al 2013;Leveque et al 2013;Giska et al 2014;Velki et al 2014;etc. ).…”