Aporphinoid alkaloids inhibit biofilm formation of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from sausages

Abstract

Aims of the study The ability of Yersinia enterocolitica strains to form biofilms and the capacity of different alkaloids to inhibit biofilm formation were investigated. Methods and Results The capacity to form biofilm on polystyrene of 31 Y. enterocolitica strains was evaluated. Biofilm and quorum sensing (QS) inhibition of 17 alkaloids were assayed; furthermore, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) was determined. The capacity to form biofilms among the examined strains seemed to be a strain‐related feature. The best biofilm inhibitors at 100 µmol l−1 were oliverine (1), guatterine (3), liriodenine (4), oliveridine (5) and pachypodanthine (6), which showed biofilm inhibition higher than 87%. Pachypodanthine (6) was the most effective compound with MBIC value of 12·5 µmol l−1 at subinhibitory concentration and also was able to inhibit QS system and reduce yenR expression at this concentration. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that oliverine, liriodenine, and pachypodanthine are able to inhibit biofilm formation of Y. enterocolitica without critically disturbing its growing capacity. At MBIC, pachypodanthine inhibited biofilm formation and QS. Significance and Impact of the Study The use of aporphinoid alkaloids as biofilms inhibitory agents might potentially be useful to treat biofilm‐associated infections in the future.

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chlorogenic Acid Against Yersinia enterocolitica

“…It was reported that Y. enterocolitica could form biofilms, which might be related to its pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence ( Ioannidis et al, 2014 ; Di Marco et al, 2020 ). Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the effect of CA on the biofilm of Y. enterocolitica .…”

“…Therefore, in this study, the down-regulation of kdpD might lead to the growth inhibition of Y. enterocolitica by this way. Furthermore, the KdpD/KdpE system has also been proven to exert influence on the expression of flagella-related genes and the flagella formation of avian pathogenic E. coli ( Xue et al, 2020 ), which is essential for the motility and toxicity of bacteria ( Yang et al, 2014 ), and has a critical role at the beginning of the biofilm formation of B. cereus and Y. enterocolitica ( Di Marco et al, 2020 ). So, the down-regulation of kdpD might affect the biofilm formation of Y. enterocolitica.…”

“…Moreover, biofilms possess a typical characteristic of having extreme resistance to many physical and chemical factors, especially antibiotics ( Borges et al, 2012 ). As many pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( S. maltophilia ), Y. enterocolitica can also form biofilms which may be related to its pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence ( Di Marco et al, 2020 ).…”

Exploring the Function of Quorum Sensing Regulated Biofilms in Biological Wastewater Treatment: A Review

“…Examples of such inhibitors are homoserine lactone-like TGK series, cladodionen, 3-amino2-oxazolidinone YXL-13, ε-polysine, gingerol, aporphinoid alkaloids, etc. [ 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 ]. A QS inhibitor, 4- hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde (Vanillin), when applied to reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, decreases biofilm formation by up to 45%.…”

Positive biofilms to guide surface microbial ecology in livestock buildings

“… poultry, slaughterhouse stainless steel, surface-water isolates, human epithelial cells [ [68] , [69] , [70] ] 2 Salmonella spp. pig farm, poultry eggshells, glass, broiler bedding material, polystyrene [ 15 , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] ] 3 Escherichia coli broiler material broiler bedding material, air-handling system, water [ 75 ] 4 Yersinia enterocolitica mammals flea intestine (vector of disease), polystyrene [ 76 , 77 ] 5 Listeria monocytogenes pork processing industry, floor drain and drain water, poultry meat stainless steel, glass [ [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] ] Staphylococcus aureus bovines bovine magpie [ 83 ] Enterococcus faecalis cattle farm intestine [ 84 ] Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae pig farm tracheal epithelium from pigs, glass [ 85 ...…”